The Conception of Time in William Bucks Mahabharata Essay -- Mahabhar

The innovation of Time in William Bucks Mahabharata In Hindu philosophy, there is no controlling beginning to the universe and no absolute containing. Therefore, clipping is non conceived of in a linear fashion as is common in western philosophy. Instead, time is seen as a wheel twist within a larger wheel, and moksha, or the release from this wheel is one of the goals of of the Hindu devotee. In William Bucks Mahabharata, time is viewed by the characters as an enemy of sorts, a personified entity which causes loss. It is the plan of this paper to taper how Buck presents a cohesive treatment of the concept of time in has retelling of the Mahabharata story. I would like to explore seven elements of his story and enterprise to explain how they be connected into a meaningful whole. In order to set the stage, if you will, for Bucks treatment of time, I would like to start by briefly going over how time is a part of the Hindu religion. Time in Hinduism is genera lly conceived of as a wheel rotating through rhythm methods of sarga (creation) and pralaya (destruction) called kappa cycles. Each kappa cycle is a life of brahman which lasts 100 Brahmic years or 311,040,000,000,000 human years. At the beginning of each kappa the knowledge domain is created as Brahma is born and at the end of each the world is destroyed as he dies. Between each kappa, a period of 100 Brahmic years passes before Brahma is born again and the next kappa cycle begins. A further aspect of the kappa cycles is that they are made up of 1000 great aeons which are themselves made up of quatern yugas (ages). These four ages are Saga Yuga, Treta Yuga, Dvapara Yuga, and saltwort Yuga which is the present age. Buck uses none of these terms in his work, yet it is clear ... ...s paper is show the cohesion of Bucks treatment of time, which becomes most observable by think multiple examples side by side. This is by no means an exhaustive analysis of time in Hind u philosophy, but by considering Bucks text in the context of that philosophy as I have, it becomes clear that it is possible to make that vast amount of knowledge accessible to an audience who whitethorn expect comminuted more than a romantic history. Source Cited Buck, William. Mahabharata. Berkeley University of California Press, 1973. Sources Consulted 1) Organ, Troy W. AThe Hindu Motif. Hinduism Its Historical Development. Woodbury Barron=s Educational Series, 2) Waterstone, Richard. AIndia Concepts of Time. WWW page. URL http//pathfinder.com/xxAIUQcASaX4vvex/twep/Little_Brown/ hold/india/india_time1.html. 7 January 1997. The Conception of Time in William Bucks Mahabharata Essay -- MahabharThe Conception of Time in William Bucks Mahabharata In Hindu philosophy, there is no absolute beginning to the universe and no absolute ending. Therefore, time is not conceived of in a linear fashion as is common in western philosophy. Instead, time is see n as a wheel turning within a larger wheel, and moksha, or the release from this wheel is one of the goals of of the Hindu devotee. In William Bucks Mahabharata, time is viewed by the characters as an enemy of sorts, a personified entity which causes loss. It is the intent of this paper to show how Buck presents a cohesive treatment of the concept of time in has retelling of the Mahabharata story. I would like to explore seven elements of his story and try to explain how they are connected into a meaningful whole. In order to set the stage, if you will, for Bucks treatment of time, I would like to start by briefly going over how time is a part of the Hindu religion. Time in Hinduism is generally conceived of as a wheel rotating through cycles of sarga (creation) and pralaya (destruction) called kappa cycles. Each kappa cycle is a life of Brahma which lasts 100 Brahmic years or 311,040,000,000,000 human years. At the beginning of each kappa the world is created as Brahm a is born and at the end of each the world is destroyed as he dies. Between each kappa, a period of 100 Brahmic years passes before Brahma is born again and the next kappa cycle begins. A further aspect of the kappa cycles is that they are made up of 1000 great aeons which are themselves made up of four yugas (ages). These four ages are Saga Yuga, Treta Yuga, Dvapara Yuga, and Kali Yuga which is the present age. Buck uses none of these terms in his work, yet it is clear ... ...s paper is show the cohesion of Bucks treatment of time, which becomes most evident by viewing multiple examples side by side. This is by no means an exhaustive analysis of time in Hindu philosophy, but by considering Bucks text in the context of that philosophy as I have, it becomes clear that it is possible to make that vast amount of knowledge accessible to an audience who may expect little more than a romantic history. Source Cited Buck, William. Mahabharata. Berkeley University of Californ ia Press, 1973. Sources Consulted 1) Organ, Troy W. AThe Hindu Motif. Hinduism Its Historical Development. Woodbury Barron=s Educational Series, 2) Waterstone, Richard. AIndia Concepts of Time. WWW page. URL http//pathfinder.com/xxAIUQcASaX4vvex/twep/Little_Brown/living/india/india_time1.html. 7 January 1997.

Affirmative Action Essay -- Discrimination Race Racism Essays

Affirmative ActionAffirmative action is a blanket term that refers to the set of public policies and initiatives knowing to help eliminate past and present discrimination based on race, color, sex or national origin, (Sykes). Before the Civil Rights Acts of 1965 and the 1954 Scott v. Topeka decision, there were unrehearsed laws and protection for white men against competition from women and ethnic minorities in prestigious professions, creating blatant inequality (Alsbrook). Affirmative action policies designed in part to knock off such unwritten laws were first employed in 1965 to provide equal opportunity among federal contractors now however, they are used widely in umpteen industries, both public and private (Kahn). In the 1970s, the scope of the initiatives expanded to the arena of college and university admissions as well. Debate over approbative action has revolved around infinite issues ranging from diversity to the relevance of past injustices to so-called reverse dis crimination. The paramount key issue that is constantly asked regarding affirmative action is, Does affirmative action achieve its tendency of equality? Having considered the arguments from many perspectives, we recommend a general position that supports affirmative action policies. However, this support is not unmitigatedcertain constraints and amendments are required.Those who oppose affirmative action often claim that it simply does not succeed in helping the occupational and educational status of minorities. Some support for this claim incidentally policies in the workplace can be culled from the fact that women only earn approximately seventy-seven cents for every dollar men earn, the figure dropping to sixty-six cents for non-white women (... ...pdf popular news, target via Internet apparently credibleWilcher, J. Shirley. The History of Affirmative Action Policies Americans for FairChance Washington D.C (2003) In Motion Magazine. 26 April. 2004 http//www.inmotionmagazine. com/aahist.html terrific news print via internet reputable Yates, Steven. Affirmative Action The New Road to Serfdom. The Freeman. (1990)Vol. 40, No. 12. Foundation for Economic Education Inc. 6 April 2004 http//www.libertyhaven.com/politicsandcurrentevents/affirmativeaction/roadserfdom.shtml unrestricted print modified plausibleZauberman, Renee and Rene Levy. Police, Minorities, and the French RepublicanIdeal*. Criminology 41.4 (2003) 1065-1100. Research Library. ProQuest. NYU Bobst Library, NY, NY. 21 April. 2004 http//www.proquest.com/ scholarly primary print via Internet authoritative

Comparing the Nazis and the Party of George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Fo

Similarities between national socialists and the Party of 1984 The authorities of Nazi Germany greatly resembled the Party, the government in 1984. some(prenominal) operated similarly and had similar aims. Anything every government did was an action for maintaining power. Both the Nazis and the Party maintained similar ideologies, controlled mass media, educated children in their beliefs, had a secret police force, and had forced labor camps. Both governments used each of these methods maintain power and control over the people. Nazis and the Party had very similar ideologies. Although Nazis eliminated people because of their religion (Sauer 683) and the Party eliminated people because of their anti-Party feelings (Orwell 187), they both seek to eliminate anyone who did not agree with them. This practice was essential for controlling the masses and holding on to power. Retaining power is much easier for a government when the entire nation that government rules agrees with its ph ilosophies. No one would attempt to remove the current government from power if he or she agreed with that government. Control of the media was another very good means of controlling a population. The Nazis established a ministry of propaganda on March 13, 1933 (Sauer 678). This office controlled all media, such as books, newspapers, and films (Modern World History Nazi Germany). The Ministry of Truth was an essential factor in perpetuating the beliefs of the Party and did the same as the Nazis propaganda ministry (Orwell 39). By controlling any and all mass media, both governments more slow controlled the ideas of the people. If someone were never exposed to a certain idea or belief by the media, most likely he or she would not call up that idea on h... ...Times 20 October 2001 Overseas News 21. Modern World History Nazi Germany. British Broadcasting Corporation. 27 November 2001 < http//www.bbc.co.uk/education/modern/ Nazi/nazihtm.htm >. Orwell, George. 1984. New York, New York Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1949. Sauer, Wolfgang. Germany. Encyclopedia Americana. 2001. OUTLINE The government of Nazi Germany greatly resembled the Party, the government in 1984, as both were very power-hungry governments. I. System of government A. A. Nazi and Party ideology B. B. Propaganda and control of media II. Children A. Education of children B. Youth organizations III. Prisoners and concentration camps A. The Gestapo and the Thought Police B. Disappearance and re-education of people C. Concentration and extermination camps

My Philosophy of Teaching Essay -- Philosophy of Education Teachers Es

My Philosophy of TeachingWhen we are children we aspire many goals and careers. Once we complete, our K-12 education, reality must set in. What are best attributes to a career? What would sastify us most? What is the single most defying career choice that is best for us? During the past year, I impart gone from one major(ip) to the next and back again. It is definitely a stressful time in ones life. The choices we make now will have a immutable effect on us. Education was my beginning major and yes, through every obstacle it is the major I have chosen. Teachers possess a difficult hypothecate because they inspire and create our future nation. I want to be a part of that I want to help a child achieve their short-circuit and long-term goals. When asked why I want to be a teacher I could name many things, but in essence the reason I want to be a teacher is because I love children. I love their innocence, the mischievous thoughts they have, and most of exclusively thei r love and longing to assure. For me, as a teacher, it would be an honor to have most type of impact on a childs life.Students characterize this career. There are many incompatible levels and personalities that every person attributes to a classroom. These differences are what make our world work. If everyone were the same, monotony would exist. Each student has their own learning pattern, personality, and academic level therefore as a teacher, you must conform to each student for their best abilities are exhibited. In my classroom, I plan to know each of my students and what type of teacher I must be to meet all their educational lacks. In this case, students will be more likely to exert their energy to work on what they need most. A teacher who can arouse a feeling for ... ...raduation I plan to attend the masters program at Radford University in Virginia. When I have completed this program I want to become a Reading Specialist. I have many plans and ideas on how to get children motivated to read. At some point, I may decide I want a doctorate in education, I would then continue to teach and also continue my education. due west Virginia offers many benefits in its teacher union, so Im sure I would like to join some type of union wherever I may be teaching.There are many counter jobs that go along with being a teacher. I have learned to respect all the teachers I have ever experienced, and I hope all my students will gain respect for me. I know I can be anything I want to be, but I also know my career is meant to be an educator. I want to be an effective teacher that brings forth the ambition to learn in each of my students lives.

Marine Corps Uniform In The 21st Century :: essays research papers

     The Marine Corps Commandant General James L. Jones wants to lead the Marines into the twenty-first century with a spic-and-span camouflage utility uniform. You may ask, why do the Marines need to differentiate their uniform from other branches or why do the Marines need a new utility uniform at all. The answer to these questions can be summed up in two words Forward Movement. or so Marines are having difficulties with the changes that have occurred as well as the changes that are coming.     On 1 May 2000 General Jones began to start the transition from the old uniform to the new uniform. Three steps have been taken to change the way Marines look while in their uniform. First, Marines were no longer authorized to wear the brown undershirt. This suit came about to distinguish the corpsMarine Corps as an amphibious branch. The Army Soldier is authorized to wear the brown undershirt, and the Air Force Airman wears a black undershirt. Seco ndly, a new belt for the utility uniform is currently being implemented. The belts represent the individual Marines status in soldierlike Arts training. The riggers belt will be worn in five different colors Tan, Grey, Green, Brown, and Black. The Marine has an option to don a new color once training for that level has been bring to passd. Finally, the third change involves the utility uniform itself, also known as cammies, giving it a complete makeover. The current cammie design for all branches of the Armed Forces is over twenty years old. The textile industry has made many advances in the production of clothing providing to a greater extent comfort and durability. Revolutionary advances within the clothing industry, Velcro and zippers, are being tested on the new cammie uniform. Velcro could be used instead of buttons on the pockets, and zippers may replace the buttons on the fly of the trousers. While on garrison duty, zippers may also be used on the blouse, to unzip the arm allot of the sleeve, to avoid rolling up the sleeves in garrison duty during hotter climates. The basic pattern of the cammie uniform will have a face-lift as well.With the ejection of angled chest pockets for easier accessibility, the new utilities will have the same design appearance as the todays cammie uniform. New material that requires no iron will increase the durability of the cammie material. The material will last longer than that of the current cammie material, which will normally fade in six months.

Marine Corps Uniform In The 21st Century :: essays research papers

     The Marine Corps Commandant General James L. Jones wants to lead the Marines into the 21st degree Celsius with a raw camouflage utility uniform. You may ask, why do the Marines occupy to differentiate their uniform from other branches or why do the Marines need a new utility uniform at all. The answer to these questions can be summed up in two words Forward Movement. Some Marines ar having difficulties with the changes that have occurred as well as the changes that are coming.     On 1 May 2000 General Jones began to start the transition from the old uniform to the new uniform. lead steps have been taken to change the way Marines look while in their uniform. First, Marines were no longer authorized to wear the brown undershirt. This movement came more or less to distinguish the corpsMarine Corps as an amphibious branch. The Army Soldier is authorized to wear the brown undershirt, and the Air Force Airman wears a morose undershirt. Secondly, a new belt for the utility uniform is acceptedly being implemented. The belts represent the individual Marines status in Martial arts training. The riggers belt will be worn in five different colors Tan, Grey, Green, Brown, and Black. The Marine has an option to don a new color once training for that level has been completed. Finally, the third change involves the utility uniform itself, also known as cammies, giving it a complete makeover. The current cammie design for all branches of the Armed Forces is over twenty years old. The textile industry has made many advances in the production of clothing providing more quilt and durability. Revolutionary advances within the clothing industry, Velcro and zippers, are being tested on the new cammie uniform. Velcro could be used instead of buttons on the pockets, and zippers may replace the buttons on the fly of the trousers. While on garrison duty, zippers may also be used on the blouse, to unzip the arm portion of the sleeve , to bend rolling up the sleeves in garrison duty during hotter climates. The basic pattern of the cammie uniform will have a face-lift as well.With the exception of locomote chest pockets for easier accessibility, the new utilities will have the same design appearance as the todays cammie uniform. New material that requires no ironing will increase the durability of the cammie material. The material will last longer than that of the current cammie material, which will normally fade in six months.

Gaps in the 24/7 Service Essay

The Service ComplainM both companies offer 24/7 customer avails. Knowing that customer advantage exists at any time of the day or any time of the week helps get the business in. Unfortunately, some 24/7 customer values fail to be serious about this. In more than champion incident, I have experienced gaps in this kind of service.One time, I ordered a fruit online. What made me mold to buy that product over others brands was the 24/7-customer service being offered for free by the online company. I needed a 24/7-customer service because if and when the product needed repairs, I was only available during the weekends to have it serviced. The product was delivered on time. The site said that it took two days to deliver it and the product in brief arrived my home after two days. I was using the electronic device for a week when it conked out.Problems came up when I called the customer service. First, the customer service lines were busy. It took me an mo to get a hold of someone w ho was able to deal out down my complete information and the complaint I had. Second, the company promised me that a service repairman was soon on his way that very same day.I decide to cancel my appointments to accommodate the repairman who never came that same afternoon but preferably came in three afternoons after. Third, the repairman soon figured out that my unit needed to be replaced. He took the unit with him without leaving any replacements. Though he promised to bring one the next day, the replacement took a week to arrive while my own unit took two weeks to get repaired.In the end, as service consumer of the product I bought, I became miserable having realized that 24/7-customer service does not really mean quality service.The Cause of the GapFrom the experience above, one would get into the core principles of services marketing and how conflicts arise when perceptions do not sum up equally with actual service performance. The client was expecting an immediate induce l ine with the first few dials he made towards the customer service phone but was frustrated when the call came through after an hour yet. The customer was expecting a service replacement when the repairman got the product that needed repairs. However, a replacement did not come in during the time it was expected to.Christopher Lovelock explains the integration of client expectations, perception of actual service rendered and the actual service performed by the company. These three elements have different characteristics critical to making customer service a salable element.In this growing global village, a service consumer is most comfortable dealing with companies that argon 24/7. This kind customer service entices clients to decide on going for the particular company offering the services versus other companies who do not have 24/7 options. separate companies close during weekends and holidays. Other companies are open but only up till a certain number of hours. However, 24/7 com panies means that the client can create a customer help personnel at any time and day of the year.The gap in the experience explained above lies in the perceived service level of the client and the actual service performance. When the client considered 24/7 as the tipping point of his decision, he expected that customer service 24/7 means now kind of service, which includes a host of many other services. The client expects that the 24/7 does not only include taking in complaints, but it also included repairs, diagnoses and replacements. Here lies the problem because the company may have just meant that they were 24/7 in taking in complaints and that alone.potential SolutionsSolutions to customer service problems must be addressed by the company who is primary responsible in explaining to the client the scope of service. In 24/7 customer service, the stakes are higher. Lovelock expounds that the 24/7 kind of customer service is more than something that would entice the clients to b uy the product or service. 24/7 means that the company is not only awake every minute. Its not enough for companies to be stronger than other companies just because they stay awake compared to others. 24/7 may mean to clients that the company is not only awake and ready to take complaints but the whole corporate processes like sales, finance, repair, and delivery are awake and working as well.It is more usual that 24/7 companies have skeletal forces up during the night and weekends and holidays. However, the number of customer service supply during graveyard shifts must be proportionate to the number of possible clients that would be complaining. Another possible solution for this problem is to ensure that lines are open to take in complaints especially from irate clients.Other global companies have outsourced receiving client complaints to address managing the first burst of emotions from irate clients. An imperative in 24/7-customer care service is the clarity of what the 24/7 pa rt is. For the experience above, the client was not cleared by the company that the only part that does not ease is the taking of the complaint. Furthermore, this would mean that a service repairman is not promised to go to ones house within the day, nor repair the product within 24 hours from the call.Companies around the globe are slowly addressing service marketing. With technology being more accessible, the difference between products is the kind of after sales service wedded to the product being marketed. Companies must evolve into more service oriented rather than maintain old traditional marketing concepts that are product centered. As more and more companies offer 24/7, it is high time that companies and customer understand what 24/7 really means and how one prepares to do 24/7 customer service.ReferencesHogarth, Jeanne M. ,Marianne A. Hilgert, Jane M. Kolodinsky. 2004. Consumers resolution of credit card problems and exit behaviors. Journal of Services Marketing Jan 2004 Volume 18 Issue 1 Page 19 34 Emerald Group Publishing Limited http//www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do?contentType=Article&contentId=856002Lovelock, Christopher and Jochen Wirtz. 2003 Services Marketing (5th Edition) Prentice Hall 5 editionMalhotra, Neeru and Avinandan Mukherjee. 2004. The relative influence of organisational commitment and job satisfaction on service quality of customer-contact employees in banking call centres. Journal of Services Marketing May 2004 Volume 18 Issue 3 Page 162 174 http//www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do?contentType=Article&contentId=1509188Zeithaml, Valarie and Mary Jo Bitner, 2002. Services Marketing. McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3rd ed.

Ruth and Naomi in a Place Called Moab There Lived a Nice Family

In a place called Moab in that location leadd a elegant family. Elimelech, his wife Naomi and their two sons locomote there because there was more food there than where they used to live. after a while Elimelech died scarcely Naomi wasnt alone she di legatoery had two sons. Her sons got conjoin save after more or less ten years they died too. At least Naomi still had her sons wives to keep her company, their names were Orpah and pity. Naomi called her sons wives and told them, I am termination to go choke to where I used to live and I would like you also to go back to your family where you used to live. May perfection show you almsgiving as you have showed me. All the women cried and hugged each different because they were much(prenominal) equitable title-holders. Orpah didnt want to leave Naomi but Naomi told her not to worry, she would be fine.So Orpah left to go back to her family. But no matter what Naomi utter to ruth, shame would not leave. Dont ask me to l eave. Where you go I lead go, and where you hold on I leave alone stay. Your virtuosos will be my agonists and your God will be my God. So compassion and Naomi returned to Bethlehem together. It was a good thing Ruth went with Naomi because Bethlehem was very far away and Naomi couldnt have travelled all that way by herself.Notice that Ruth never complains but is a good friend to Naomi. She wasnt expecting anything in return, she just wanted to help. When they got there Ruth decided that she should do some kind of work. It was increase time, so she worked in the bailiwicks following buns the harvesters and picked up any barleycorn that they had dropped. The owner of the field came by to greet the harvesters and noticed Ruth in the field. He asked one of the harvesters who she was. She came back from Moab with Naomi, thats all I know. Lucky for Ruth the owner of the field was Boaz, he was a kind man who believed in God.He had also been related to Elimelech (Naomis husband that died). Boaz went to go tattle to Ruth, he said to her, Dont go work in any other field but stay here with the other servant girls. I will make sure you atomic number 18 safe and whenever you are thirsty go and get a sup from the water jars. When Ruth heard this she bowed bulge out to Boaz and asked, Why are you being so decent to me, Im not even from here. Boaz replied, I know what youve through with(p) for Naomi, you left your family and moved to a place youve never been. May the Lord reward you for your kindness. Ruth thanked Boaz and move with her work in the hot sun. Boaz even reproducible his workers to drop extra barley so Ruth could have more for herself. Ruth took all the barley home and shared what she had with Naomi. And eventually Ruth married Boaz and everyone was very happy * Being a good friend takes a long time to learn. A good friend is loyal, which means you keep your promises and sometimes when you dont feel like being a friend you are anyway. Someti mes our friends arent perfect and they make mistakes but we make mistakes too, and we dont want our friends to leave us when that happens.God gives us friends when we need them, and we should treat them like a gift from God. Just like in the story, Naomi couldve insisted the women bring with her, but she unselfish and wanted them to be still to go home to be with their families. And Ruth had such a good attitude and wanted to help, she moved away from everyone she knew and went to work to help Naomi. She didnt tell everyone what a good friend she was, she knew that she should be a friend like God wanted her to be. Ruth and Naomi In a place called Moab there lived a nice family.Elimelech, his wife Naomi and their two sons moved there because there was more food there than where they used to live. After a while Elimelech died but Naomi wasnt alone she still had two sons. Her sons got married but after about ten years they died too. At least Naomi still had her sons wives to keep her company, their names were Orpah and Ruth. Naomi called her sons wives and told them, I am going to go back to where I used to live and I would like you also to go back to your family where you used to live. May God show you kindness as you have showed me. All the women cried and hugged each other because they were such good friends. Orpah didnt want to leave Naomi but Naomi told her not to worry, she would be fine. So Orpah left to go back to her family. But no matter what Naomi said to Ruth, Ruth would not leave. Dont ask me to leave. Where you go I will go, and where you stay I will stay. Your friends will be my friends and your God will be my God. So Ruth and Naomi returned to Bethlehem together. It was a good thing Ruth went with Naomi because Bethlehem was very far away and Naomi couldnt have traveled all that way by herself.Notice that Ruth never complains but is a good friend to Naomi. She wasnt expecting anything in return, she just wanted to help. When they got there Ruth decided that she should do some kind of work. It was harvest time, so she worked in the fields following behind the harvesters and picked up any barley that they had dropped. The owner of the field came by to greet the harvesters and noticed Ruth in the field. He asked one of the harvesters who she was. She came back from Moab with Naomi, thats all I know. Lucky for Ruth the owner of the field was Boaz, he was a kind man who believed in God.He had also been related to Elimelech (Naomis husband that died). Boaz went to go talk to Ruth, he said to her, Dont go work in any other field but stay here with the other servant girls. I will make sure you are safe and whenever you are thirsty go and get a drink from the water jars. When Ruth heard this she bowed down to Boaz and asked, Why are you being so nice to me, Im not even from here. Boaz replied, I know what youve done for Naomi, you left your family and moved to a place youve never been. May the Lord reward you for your kindness. Ruth thanked Boaz and continued with her work in the hot sun. Boaz even ordered his workers to drop extra barley so Ruth could have more for herself. Ruth took all the barley home and shared what she had with Naomi. And eventually Ruth married Boaz and everyone was very happy * Being a good friend takes a long time to learn. A good friend is loyal, which means you keep your promises and sometimes when you dont feel like being a friend you are anyway. Sometimes our friends arent perfect and they make mistakes but we make mistakes too, and we dont want our friends to leave us when that happens.God gives us friends when we need them, and we should treat them like a gift from God. Just like in the story, Naomi couldve insisted the women come with her, but she unselfish and wanted them to be free to go home to be with their families. And Ruth had such a good attitude and wanted to help, she moved away from everyone she knew and went to work to help Naomi. She didnt tell everyone what a good friend she was, she knew that she should be a friend like God wanted her to be. Ruth and Naomi In a place called Moab there lived a nice family.Elimelech, his wife Naomi and their two sons moved there because there was more food there than where they used to live. After a while Elimelech died but Naomi wasnt alone she still had two sons. Her sons got married but after about ten years they died too. At least Naomi still had her sons wives to keep her company, their names were Orpah and Ruth. Naomi called her sons wives and told them, I am going to go back to where I used to live and I would like you also to go back to your family where you used to live. May God show you kindness as you have showed me. All the women cried and hugged each other because they were such good friends. Orpah didnt want to leave Naomi but Naomi told her not to worry, she would be fine. So Orpah left to go back to her family. But no matter what Naomi said to Ruth, Ruth would not leave. Dont ask me to lea ve. Where you go I will go, and where you stay I will stay. Your friends will be my friends and your God will be my God. So Ruth and Naomi returned to Bethlehem together. It was a good thing Ruth went with Naomi because Bethlehem was very far away and Naomi couldnt have traveled all that way by herself.Notice that Ruth never complains but is a good friend to Naomi. She wasnt expecting anything in return, she just wanted to help. When they got there Ruth decided that she should do some kind of work. It was harvest time, so she worked in the fields following behind the harvesters and picked up any barley that they had dropped. The owner of the field came by to greet the harvesters and noticed Ruth in the field. He asked one of the harvesters who she was. She came back from Moab with Naomi, thats all I know. Lucky for Ruth the owner of the field was Boaz, he was a kind man who believed in God.He had also been related to Elimelech (Naomis husband that died). Boaz went to go talk to Ru th, he said to her, Dont go work in any other field but stay here with the other servant girls. I will make sure you are safe and whenever you are thirsty go and get a drink from the water jars. When Ruth heard this she bowed down to Boaz and asked, Why are you being so nice to me, Im not even from here. Boaz replied, I know what youve done for Naomi, you left your family and moved to a place youve never been. May the Lord reward you for your kindness. Ruth thanked Boaz and continued with her work in the hot sun. Boaz even ordered his workers to drop extra barley so Ruth could have more for herself. Ruth took all the barley home and shared what she had with Naomi. And eventually Ruth married Boaz and everyone was very happy * Being a good friend takes a long time to learn. A good friend is loyal, which means you keep your promises and sometimes when you dont feel like being a friend you are anyway. Sometimes our friends arent perfect and they make mistakes but we make mistakes too , and we dont want our friends to leave us when that happens.God gives us friends when we need them, and we should treat them like a gift from God. Just like in the story, Naomi couldve insisted the women come with her, but she unselfish and wanted them to be free to go home to be with their families. And Ruth had such a good attitude and wanted to help, she moved away from everyone she knew and went to work to help Naomi. She didnt tell everyone what a good friend she was, she knew that she should be a friend like God wanted her to be.

H&M Strategy

The firm has several agreements with providers which must sign H&Ms behavior code for ex in 2006 implementation of an agreement with Procter and Gamble (one on its providers) stipules that H&M can control P&G activities and alone its fabrication process. ing high wages. That ability of adaptation shows that H&M can diversify its production and targets specific consumers its factories check sportswear, mascu edge and feminine clothes, as well(p) as accessories or lingerie. The role of advertisement is extremely important in H&Ms strategy.The firm uses different ways to sell its products (stores, internet, catalogues) a huge budget is used for communication and advertisement. There is a lot of competition on the clothing market. Zara is the direct competitor of H&M only its prices are a little higher, so H&M enjoys a existent economic advantage. H&M minimizes its production costs by construction production factories in developing countries (like China, India). The firm enjoys thei r foreign legislations because they authorized low wages (or lower than European legislations).Social The ethical aspect is one of the almost important principles of H&M (inscriptions on t shirts must not be obscene, racist). For them, protection of animals is necessary (the firm has launched important campaigns), it doesnt sell real fur, doesnt buy leather from India for its cruel treatment of animals. And it doesnt import materials from disappearing species. Moreover, H&M follows fashion and trends to satisfy its consumers and especially the teenagers. This is how the firm owns a real capacity of adaptation.Technological H&M also sells its products on the Internet by an efficient Websites. News is broadcasted on their Website (when a new line of clothes is launched for exeveryone is aware of partnerships with famous people like Madonna, Karl Lagerfeld, Stella Mc Cartney. )The new technologies used by the firm are a way to make their advertising campaigns more efficient. Textile i ndustry is protected by a lot of patents to assure the authenticity of products and counter fakes.

Star Light, Star Bright Won’t You Find Me a Home Tonight?

There I lay looking up at the incandescent glow of the moon and stars, millions of them even billions just looking over me each one with the beauty of a diamond, glistening so brightly. I rightfully loved the sky, the endless beauty it held, it made me feel safe. Sometimes I wondered if by some mysterious magical way the stars knew my thoughts and knew where I truly belonged. I hoped that when I looked up into the sky, that answers would seem clearer. All Ive ever wanted was freedom, the feeling of organism alive and the feeling of belonging somewhere real. Thats when I fin all in ally decided that the only way for me to be free was to run.When a door is closed, another door will open at the right time, this was my time. why had I entangle like this for so long? If people knew how I truly felt would they of treated me differently? No, probably not. It was fact that I was the invisible girl in school I was even invisible to my own family, I was doing them a favor in leaving. Beside s, everything happens for a reason and nothing really lasts forever, so why hold on? Was I holding on because I wanted to fight for something, something that seemed like it mattered? But that something was what was holding me back. So I let that feeling go, I had to be free.I quickly got up and jogged to my signaling to pack. All my thoughts rushing around in my vanguard, I was excited. I couldnt wait to start on this adventure Before I knew it I was standing in my room looking through my belongings and finding what I should take. Packing was never a strong suite of mine, but Id have to say that this time I did a pretty pricy job. First my betty boop towel Id bought myself on my 17th birthday, then my pyjamas that were old and fading, I then just shoved whatever type of clothes I had. My Country Road bag wasnt very big, but it managed to fit the essentials.I then had to sneak past my parents which I knew wasnt going to be very hard, they hadnt even noticed I had walked in. They b oth just sat there perched on the couch watching some ridiculous naive realism TV show. I wanted to say bye, I wanted them to care but all I could do was blame them for making me lean towards my end in leaving anyway. I stood outside my house with my black Country Road bag pressed against my right shoulder I was specify for this, ready to start feeling alive, to be able to feel like I belonged somewhere and to feel free from all the problems I carried.I looked back at my house it looked old and even tired. Its white paint now a creamy brown, and the mailbox merely held on by one screw, the stigmatise so long that it was almost impossible to walk in. As I stared back at it, all I could see were memories from the past 18 eld of me feeling trapped and simply. I hold outt think I was ever truly happy here, this was never plateful to me, it was simply a house I was forced to live in, I had no trouble with saying goodbye. I started walking I didnt know where my final destination w as, all I knew was that there was so much more out there.It wasnt like I didnt have any money either, I did I had a lot of it. My fear at that point was whether that money would stay with me, could someone sense my fear and protection of my pocket? I hope not, because what was in my pocket was my ticket out of here, and I regarded every cent. Before I knew it I was standing in front of the airport, it was like Id never seen it before, gleaming over me like a gate, a path towards my next move- the next chapter in my flavor. I choppyly felt a mothy sweat running through my body. One way to Chicago please. What on earth was I doing? And why had a chosen Chicago?I stood there for a few seconds, just stunned at myself, what on earth had I gotten myself into? I took a deep breath and swallowed hard and thanked the noblewoman who was handing me my ticket. It was only then I realised that I was leaving, leaving the only place I ever really knew. There I sat alone in the cold air conditi oned room, waiting for my flight. I looked around the room and everyone seemed so happy, kids running around like nothing in the area mattered, young couples asleep on each others shoulders. Would I ever be as happy as these people? Why was my life so hard to turn good? Or was it me with the flaw?I realised that asking questions lead me nowhere except to a throbbing head from trying to find answers, answers that probably didnt even exist. Flight 239 to Chicago, please take out your boarding passes out and wait in line to board the plane. Thankyou I guess this was it, no regrets, no fears. Just me and whatever life brings. I stood there shaking as I handed the lady my ticket. I move pulling myself together by giving her a reassuring yet trembling smile. I was terrified as thoughts ran through my head, all of a sudden I suddenly then felt bad that I never said goodbye to my family.Sure, my family never noticed me but maybe if I gave them a chance to stop me we wouldve been more ca ring and loving towards each other? I boarded the plane and sat preceptore in my seat, luckily enough I had gotten one by the window. Trying to calm myself down I closed my eyes and remembered all the good and fun times I had at home when life and my family were good and when there were good times and memories. I opened my eyes, only to realise that I had fallen asleep, but something didnt feel right. I felt cold and light, my body was tingling all over but most importantly I felt relieved. Id never felt like this before, was I dreaming?No, I couldnt have been. Everything looked so real, everyone was still on the plane some asleep some looking shake and worried. I looked outside my window and saw the most gorgeous thing I had ever seen in my life- clouds and we were in them. It was then I realised where I was. I was floating, I was happy, I was unstoppable, I was dead but most importantly, I was home. Was it normal to feel so relieved and alive? Wasnt that multifariousness of iro nic? To finally feel like you matter when you really have no matter at all. I made a choice to get on that plane and I wouldnt look back and regret it.Its funny how life is so ironic, but you take what you get and if you dont like it? Well you learn to adjust besides everything dies happen for a reason. COMMENTARY In my first assignment some comments made were that I needed to take more care with my wording and punctuation. Throughout my fanciful writing piece I tried to work on my punctuation by re-reading it and getting others to read and check it for me. My use of syntax was a major factor in my first assignment, I tried to improve this by too making others to read it and seeing if the way I structured my sentences made sense.I also read it out aloud to see if it sounded odd in some areas, this helped me a lot in this assignment. Another comment I was given on my previous assignment was that I wasnt consistent with my change and my sentences werent tightened up. With my origi nal writing piece I tried to stick to my first person perspective. I wrote my creative writing piece as though I were retelling a history as it was happening, I let the readers get inside the girls head and see what she was thinking and feeling.I thought that this might channel a bit of emotion and sympathy throughout my story. In my first assignment I was also told that I wrote a little to much considering the genre, with my creative writing piece I made sure to stick to the word count and that the story didnt drag on for pages and pages. Some elements that I need to improve in my writing are still punctuation and syntax, these two areas are always a little confusing to me as I dont tend to know when to put a comma or full stop.Ill try and improve this by writing more and more, and asking others to read what Ive written and see if they understand the points Im trying to get across. My main strength in this assignment was that it was a creative writing piece. I had a broad imagina tion and can muster up many unusual scenarios from different things. I think in chimerical ways so I find writing a creative writing piece somewhat fun and interesting. With Star Light, Star Bright wont You Find Me A Home Tonight? I made the girl die as that was what she truely needed in the end.Shes a lost(p) young girl who was holding herself back from seeing the world and was too scared to start living her own life. I thought that her death would be ironic to the whole story and plot, as her death was her freedom the one thing she had been waiting for to feel alive. Theres more to living than being alive. I named my creative writing piece Star Light, Star Bright Wont You Find Me A Home Tonight? referencing to the beginning of the story about her love for the stars and sky, I incorporated that with her desire to finally find a home, somewhere where she belonged.

Christopher Columbus a Villain Essay

Should a soldiery whose actions created a wave of genocide and killed thousands of innocent natives be considered a hero? In at onces time, Christopher Columbus is known through the United States as the one who ready the country we currently live in. But is that actually true? over many years, his history has sparked a day that is a remembrance of his denudation. I believe that he is the mastermind behind the genocide of over 250,000 indigene Americans, while others believe that he was only a man with a passion for exploring. I personally believe that Christopher Columbus had not a wiz good intention when he first stepped foot on the Americas back in his time and showed negative glory for his nation, discovery and personal glory.Christopher Columbus found the Americas, but today he takes credit for discovering a new world. Native Americans had been living in civilizations across North and South America long originally Columbus had discovered it. This journey has now ruined man y of those enslaved, and impacted as well as his precious reputation. With his expedition, he exposed countries to new disease, violence, and slavery. His discovery led him to ruin the Americas of its natives and its resources. These horrible actions should be added to Columbuss reputation, which shows him to be a villain in American history.Christopher Columbus had injustice intentions from the start of his voyage when he promised to repay, Spanish monarch and founder of Columbuss travels, with gold, spice, and other servants. When he first arrived in what he thought was Asia, he quickly gathered the natives and introduced them to slavery. He also returned to Europe with the Native Americans possessions. In a resource I studied clearly and stroke freely I read the following , a sailor called Rodrigo saw the moon shining on white sands, and cried out. It was an island in the Bahamas, in the Caribbean Sea. The first man to sight land was supposed to get a large reward, but Rodrigo never got it. Columbus claimed that he had seen a light the evening before. He got the reward.We valet de chambre today know that when something new comes into the picture, something old must come out. No matter which side people choose, they all agree that Columbus made a major impact on the Americas.

Areas of learning and development Essay

1.1 condone each of the beas of teaching and culture and how these argon interdependent There be seven cranial orbits of learning and victimization set come out of the closet by the EYFS, each are important and interconnects there are three prime and four specific areas. The prime are the main area of go againstment from birth to 2 years and important for firing childrens curiosity and enthusiasm and aiding them to do relationships.The prime areas are Personal, Social and emotional evolutionPhysical disciplineCommunication and verbiageThe four specific areas compliments and supports the prime areas from 2-5 years, but the prime are the foundation for successful learning.The specific areas are LiteracyMathematics discretion the worldExpressive arts and designThe EYFS learning and suppuration (Page226 in children and young people is workforce). Educational programme must enquire activities and experiences for children in the following aspects Aspects of personal, social and emotional development involves helping children to develop a positive sense of themselves and others forming positive relationship and develop respect for others to develop social skills and learn to manage their feelings to understand appropriate behaviours in groups and to have confidence in their abilities. Aspects of physical development involves providing opportunities for young children to be active and synergetic and to develop their co-ordination control, and movement. Children must also be help to understand the importance of physical activity and to make healthy choices in relation to food.Aspects of communication and language development involves giving children Opportunities to experience a rich language environment, to develop their confidence and skills in expressing themselves and to speak and listen in a range of situations. Aspects of literacy development involves encouraging children to link sounds and letters and to begin to read and write. Children must be given access to a wide range of reading materials. Aspects of mathematics development involves helping children to solve problems and to thinking logically, use everyday languageto talk about size weight recognise create and describe patterns explore characteristics of objects and shapes and measures.Understanding the world development involves helping children to gain an understanding of the world around them knowing about similarities and differences between themselves and others, and among facilities communities and tradition, recognise that a range of technology is use in places such as homes and schools. Expressive arts and design development involves increasing their interest in creativity, representing their own ideas, thoughts and feelings through design and technology, art, music, dance, role bunk and stories. The EYFS describes the seven areas of learning separately but it is important to recognise their interdependence. This means that good quality activities will cover more than one area of development and neglecting one area of development is likely to create difficulties later.(e.g) Personal, social and emotional development is like a treat throughout all area if this area is not well supported, children will find it hard to concentrate, play alongside others or make progress in other areas.1.2 Describe the documented outcomes for children that form part of the relevant early years framework. To be able to measure that each child has the access to a quality early years teaching method regardless of where they live, circumstances or family background the EYFS designed a series of outcomes to document each area of learning. These are called the Early Learning Goals, this is targets for children to satiate throughout their early years and at the end of the reception year. These goals are important as they form the building blocks for childrens later education.It is important that practitioners recognise that whitethorn of the Early Learning Goal s are also associated with childrens development and so while it is reasonable to expect children to meet them at the end of the reception year, they are not meant to be used as outcomes in nurseries or pre-school. It is also worth nothing that some children will for a variety of reasons not meet all of the Early Learning Goals as they may have specific health or learning difficulties or because they are simply young than their peers.1.3 Explain how the documented outcomes are assessed and recordedThe purpose and aim of the EYFS is to help young children achieve the five every child matters outcomes.There are four themes that plunk for all the guidanceA unique childPositive relationshipEnabling environmentsLearning and developmentThis guidance support each childs learning and development and help practitioners to support childrens learning development, by closely matching what they provide to childs current needs. An on-going formative sound judgment is at the heart of effective e arly years practice. In my setting we constantly observe our strike children as they act and interact in their play. We thus plan activities through these observations and things learnt from parents about what the chid do at home.Using examples of the development columns unique child the observation is assess to see what the child tail do and what the next step is to help their development pathway. This recorded through observation opinion polls (long-incident and planned) also weekly provision, summative assessment and monthly learning journal sheet given to parents to see what the child does at home. This cycle is continually throughout the childs time in the nursery and makes up their learning journal that goes with them to reception.2.1 Use different sources to plan work for an individual child or groupWhile playing outside I notice that one of my key children had an interest in collecting cocus and putting them in the back of his car.2.2 Engage effectively with children to encourage the childs participation and involvement in planning their own learning and development activities. The ways in which a child engage with other, people and their environment playing and exploring, active learning and creating and thinking critically underpin learning and development across all areas and support the child to remain an effective and motivated learner. From observation 2.1 I planned an activity to help child A to learn how to count by doing a nature walle around the nursery to collect cocus. Counting them at the end to see how some(prenominal) each child collected.2.3 Support the planning cycle for children learning and development. The EYFS is very clear, that observation must form the basis of planning for individual children there are two specific legal requirements in this respect which are found in welfare requirement relating to the organisation of the setting. Providers must carry out nociceptive observational assessments in order to plan to meet t he childrens individual needs. Providers must plan and provide experierices which are appropriate to each childs stage of development as they progress towards the early learning goals. It is important that plans reflects childrens interests and needs. Observe and collect information. Record what you know and see about childrens strengths, interest, capabilities and cultures. Question Analyse- Interpret and make meaning of information collected and evidence documented. link evidence to learning development.OutcomesPlan, Act and DoDesign learning experiences and learning environments.Discuss learning and next steps with childrens families and other professionals.The planning cycle is used to support assessments for learning which is designed to discover what children know and understood, found on what they make, write draw, say and do.3.1 Explain how practitioners promote childrens learning within the relevant early years framework. The EYFS emphasise a personal set out to learning, this is because all children develop at their own rate and in different ways. In my setting we observe each child and make observations so that we can see patterns of the childs interests as well as to see how they are developing. This allows us to analyse whether the child is within their age and stage of development. As such this enables us to plan appropriately for the child, seeing whether they are within the developmental pathway. This allows us to work in partnership with parents giving them the opportunity to be apart of weekly planning, assessments and giving their input.4.2 Explain the importance of engaging with a child to support sustained overlapd thinking. The importance of engaging with children is that itenhances the childs learning encounter encouraging, helping them to learn new words extended conversations and helps children to extended conversation to develop their own ideas, while chatting to them to promote their development. Sustained share thinking helps chi ldren to reach conclusions and explore concepts at a deeper level.During this period, children are also processing information more effectively and often make connections with things that they have already learnt. This joining up of ideas and concepts is extremely valuable. Children have to be extremely interested in an activity or something that has occurred to sustained shared thinking. We also have to be ready to follow up on things that children find fascinating or intergrading. Recognising the potential for sustained shared thinking is therefore essential.

African American Religion Essay

Before Africans were brought to America during the slave trade, they had their own culture and society. They had their own language and dance. They also had their own religion. Hi yarn tells us that the Europeans justified their abuse toward the Africans as helping them be go in more civilized because the Africans lifestyle appeared primal to them and non as developed and industrialized as theirs. What is practically overlooked is that even though Africans were taken from Africa and Americanized and pass on been stripped of their religion, culture, language and even their name, the very essence of the African as a people did not go away. many African American slaves rejected Christianitys religion because they saw it as the white mans religion. History tells us American Slave Masters abused the Africans by whipping them like animals and by treating them inhumane. The fact that these slave masters wanted the African American to latria their god was unacceptable for some because t hey could not fathom why they should worship a god who allowed people to be so badly treated.Some Africans accept Christianitys religion and faith by identifying with Jesus Christ, the son of God who according to the Bible was stark of sin and yet he was beaten, bruised and crucified for the sins of the world. Some African Americans wanted to remain faithful to their heritage yet did not agree with the conjure practices. stage set Hollys character is a good example of conforming to the economic prosperity of America which was founded by Christians. White Christians enforced Christian beliefs, values, and some practices based on the Euro American Christian interpretation of Christian text. hardening developed a kind of hatred for his own people proving that he has adopted the practices of white America in the early 1900s. Niggers coming up hither from that old backwoods coming up here from the country carrying Bibles and guitars t angiotensin converting enzyme for exemption. Se th says. They got a rude awakening (6). Seth signifies the African American who resents engrossment to the white American culture. But, at the same time, he too attempts to connect with his heritage by simply allowing Bynum to live in his home and bless it with his conjures rituals. Seth also participates in an African dance ritual called the Juba.Bynums character is introduced by practicing conjure rituals. He cuts open pigeons and spreads its blood onto him as a grammatical case of cleansing to communicate with spirits. Bynum represents the African American who chose to remain faithful to the religion of his heritage. Others who have chosen the faith of Christianity view conjure rituals as black, witchcraft, or demonic. Some African Americans wanted to remain faithful to their heritage yet did not agree with conjure practices anymore. Loomis walks in on the juba dance and goes into a trance by and by dinner at the boarding house.He had a mickle of skeletons emerge from a body of water. Loomis I d iodin seen bones rise up turn up the water. Rise up and walk across the water. Bones manner of walking on top of the water (53). Loomis recognizes through and through the wad, his state of ignorance to the knowledge that will lead him to the rude(a) way of thinking. Bynum serves as a supporting character reacting to Loomiss trance. Bynum They walking around here now. Mens. Just like you and me. Come set up pop give away the water (56). Loomiss trance and Bynums interpretation of it is a turning point in the story.The skeletons coming from the bottom of the sea in Loomiss vision represent the slave ships, the disorientation experienced by the slaves during emancipation, and the confusion of his release from Joe Turner. Both Loomis and Bynum have tapped into their ancestral religion. The difference between the two is that Bynum represents the African who neer renounced his religion and Loomis is the African-American who turned from conjure religion and co nverted to the faith of Christianity. After Joe turner took his life away from him, Loomis questioned his Christian faith and his individuality.By walking in on the ancestral ritual of the Juba dance, Loomis literally walked into what he had actually been looking for, his religion, consequently, his ancestral identity and this is why he fell into the trance. Throughout the caper conjures is encompasses four generations Bynums father, Bynum, Loomis, and the neighbor boy Reuben. Reubens vision is of Seths mother by the pigeon coop, she encourages Reuben to release the caged pigeons. Wilson writes in a way that leads the subscriber to believe that Loomis needs to find his missing wife.Martha Pentecost is not the one who was lost Loomis was the one who was lost, wondering around from town to town, searching. Loomis came into the state of belief when Bynum helped him translate his vision. That vision represented Loomis going back to his ancestral conjure religion. Loomis needed to fin d Martha Pentecost simply to say good-bye to her and their life former to keepher. Up until this point of the story, I believed that Loomis needed to find his wife so they could live out the rest of their lives as a happy free family with their daughter.However, it is made pretty obvious this was neer Loomiss intentions. That goodbye kept me out on the road searching, Loomis says, now that I see your flavor I can say my goodbye and fuddle my own world (90). Martha Pentecost, a woman of Christian faith, represents the African who assimilated into white Americas culture and Loomis needed to find her to say good-bye to her and the Christian faith. Martha stands by her Christian faith by accusing Loomis you done gone over to the devil (91). White mans religion believed that conjure was evil or the way of the devil.Loomis finds it easier to reject her for her Christian beliefs. Loomis Great long old white manyour Mr. Jesus Christ. Standing there with a whip in one hand and a tote boa rd in another, them niggers swimming in a sea of cotton (92). Loomis proves with his statement, his version of a bible story that differed from other African Americans further was similar to that of the white man who believed that they were on a level below God and the Africans were beneath them, Africans were one third of a person. Loomis now believes that if Africans are going to be free then they have to take commit of their own destiny.Martha Pentecost represents the African Americans religion, she identifies that Loomis needs to be washed in the blood of the lamb (92) and you done gone over to the devil. (91) Through build lessons I learned that African American slaves compared themselves with stories in the bible to instill hope of a life free from heaviness, violence, and bondage. Jesus according to the bible was innocent of sin and yet he was beaten, bruised and crucified for the sins of the world. The hope of reigning in heave with Jesus is considered the ultimate rewar d for suffering lifes trials and tribulations.It is the faith of the African Americans who accepted Christianity religion. Blacks trusted in the Lord instead of man. America was Egypt in the exodus story and as long as the enslaving and oppressing took place America would face the same wrath as Egypt. Stand still and see the salvation of the Lord. The bible was depended on in justifying and motivation rebellion for the blacks and used as a tool to keep blacks enslaved by the whites. African Americans used sermons, song, and prayer to convey and teach their message of travail and triumph of Israel.Some African Americans could not get past the treatment from the white people that called themselves Christians and as a result they rejected Christianity. Seligs role suggests that the link between characters is the acquisition of material goods. Selig admits that his ancestors have always made their living pursuing African Americas his great grandfather transported slaves from Africa, hi s father captured runaway slaves and returned them to their masters for a reward, and Selig locates displaced people for a fee. Selig attains his ecstasy through consumer capitalism, through the selling of material goods.African Americans are objects for exploitation and exchange in the bran-new economy. He binds African Americans to the economic system, demanding payment of his services and products which necessitates subsistence fatigue by taking them from one construction site or consummation site to another, similar to a temporary employment agency today. You pay for an employee to work for some time, but Selig is getting paid by the person looking for work or a ride to a chance of freedom. Selig cannot find a person that has not purchased a dustpan from him because he keeps the names of his customers.Seth is determined to achieve material success, he has very little patience for African Americans migrating north looking for the same prosperity that he desires. Seth is very d emanding of his patrons, insisting on advance payment in full, and is preoccupied with maintaining a full house. Its hard enough now without all that ignorant kind of acting. Ever since slavery got over with there aint been nothing but foolish-acting niggers. Word get out they need men to work in the mill and put in these roads and niggers drop everything and head north looking for freedom. (5, 6) Seth wants to blend in with the white mans world therefore he keeps a link with Selig by negotiating the manufacturing and sale of dustpans.Seth does not have any idea of what it would be like to be a slave, as he was born free in the North and was educated. He demonstrates his teaching method with his math calculation when dealing with the boarding house patrons and the quick notation of him letting Selig know that he is trying to overcharge him for the dust pan materials. educational differences satisfyed a role in tension with Southern blacks, most of who were forbidden from learning to read, saw religion as a matter of ad-lib tradition nd immediate experience and emotion.Northerner blacks, stressed that one could not truly be Christian unless they was able to read the Bible and understand it. This play denies individual worth and identity for some of Wilsons characters. To be defrauded of the products of ones labor or to see that creation diminished, like with Jeremy and the guitar contest, is to be denied a reflection of individual worth and identity. If people have been separated from this truth of individual worth and identity through oppression their capacity to bond with one another, form friendships, or couples, families are undermined.Social alienation in Wilsons characters are expressed in their stores of broken relationships, uncertainty, or suspicion that they feel toward one another. Seth Something aint setting right with that fellow, Bynum. Hes one of them mean-looking niggers look like he done killed somebody gambling over a quarter. (20) Connect ion between oppression, alienation from self and inability to form bonds with others is displayed in the character of Loomis. Joe Turners ability to oppress Loomis carried a creative thinker of non-worth. Loomis He told me I was worthless.Worthless is something you throw away. Something you dont bother with (73) Turners judgment of worthlessness forced Loomis to accept the reality of the white mans power he was marked as one of Joe Turners niggers and forced to forget his song. (71) Being alienated from himself and displaced with his relation to the world, Loomis is unable to establish bonds with people around him. The oppression encountered by Wilsons characters is material or economic, that oppression is spiritual as well in the capacity to deprive the individual of a sense of himself or his unique song.The reawakening of Loomis after his encounter with cultural wisdom is not the self discovery of an average African American but creation of a new source of cultural wisdom, a new African holy man. Wilson uses many metaphors throughout the play. The song is a metaphor for Loomiss identity and the African American cultural identity. Music is a large part of African American identity, so it thrusts since that in search of ones identity they are searching for their song. The boarding house serves as an inn for traveling folk, but the tenants actually receive a form of healing during their stay.Tenants get direction and guidance from Bertha and Bynum. The shiny man that Bynum is in search for signifies African American independence. The man that Bynum met on the road was an independent African American, just as Loomis was freed by his past when he cleansed himself in his own blood. Bynum Herald Loomis, you shining You shining like new money (94) Loomis has dismissed that the blood of Christ can wash away his sins and make him the man he used to be, but by washing himself in his own blood he has sacrificed the old life to begin his new excursion on his terms.By nums shining man has been found, meaning his work is complete he has passed his powers on to the next generation, Loomis. They tell me Joe Turners come and bygone is a song that is sung by Bynum, when I first read the story I thought that the meaning was came and now he is dead however, the siemens time I read the play I realized that it meant that Joe Turner has come and snatched the men and now he is now gone. August Wilson uses symbolism in the play as a very important part in conveying the meaning of the story. Wilsons use of symbolism is demonstrated through Mr.Wilsons use of the road, Martha Pentecost, and Herald Loomis.Symbolic importance is give to the word freedom. The word freedom has instilled hope into the lives of African Americans during slavery, hope for the release from bondage after emancipation, the right to be educated, employed, and to move about freely twentieth century, social, political, and economic justice. Freedom has always stood for the absence of any r estraint, because God made all men from his image. on that point are a number of characters that travel around searching for their place in the world.Mattie, mentions that she keeps on looking, seems like she just keeps starting over, I aint never found no place for me to fit. (76) Reuben tells Zonia, when he finds out that she is leaving the boarding house in search of her mom, when I get grown, I come looking for you. (84) Jeremy does not seem to care much when he loses his job because, dont make me no difference. Theres a big road out there, I can always get my guitar and find me a place to stay. I aint planning on staying in one place for too long noway. (64) Martha & Reverend Tolliver moved the Church up north because of the trouble the church was having.When the Civil War finally brought freedom to previously enslaved African Americans, the task of organizing religious communities was only one element of the larger need to create new lives, to reunite families, to find jobs, and to figure out what it would mean to live in the United States as citizens rather than property. August Wilsons play, Joe Turners come and Gone, examines African Americans search for their cultural identity following slavery.

Computer Assisted Audit Technique Essay

The canvass entropy proficiency is primarily designed to test the effectiveness of the internal control procedures which are incorporated in the thickenings reckoner broadcast. The objective of the test entropy proficiency is to determine whether the clients computer programs can correctly handle valid and invalid conditions as they arise.To accomplish this objective the scrutinizeor prepares test selective information (fictitious transactions) that consist of valid and invalid conditions. The auditor enters the test information into the system and have the data processed by the entitys computer programs. Since the auditor is the one who crates the test data, the auditor knows what the output should savour like assuming the clients computer programs is functioning effectively. The auditor then compares the processing results with his regulate output. If the output generated by the clients program is the same as the auditors anticipate output, the auditor may conclude that the clients program is reliable.A dis proceeds of the test data technique is that the auditor does not have an assurance that the program tested is the same program apply by the client throughout the accounting process. . In order to overcome this disadvantage, the test data technique can be extended to an integrated test facility (ITF)An integrated test facility (ITF) creates a fictitious entity in a database to process test transactions simultaneously with live input. It can be used to incorporate test transactions into a normal production run of a system. Its advantage is that periodic testing does not require separate test processes. However, careful planning is necessary, and test data must be isolated from production data. Integrated test facility is considered a useful audit tool during an IT audit because it uses the same programs to compare processing using independently calculated data. This involves setting up dummy entities on an application system and processing test o r production data against the entity as a means of verifying processing accuracy.When using ITF, the auditor must be alert to the insecurity of contaminating the clients master file. Thus, care must be taken to reverse or eliminates the effects of all audit test transactions in order to avoid contamination of clients computer files.Parallel SimulationThe test data and ITF methods both process test data through real programs. With parallel simulation, the auditor processes real client data on an audit program similar to some aspect of the clients program. The auditor compares the results of this processing with the results of the processing done by the clients program.

Billy Baines Middle School Essay

Billy Baines Middle School (BMS) is lo kated in Fort Bend ISD, in Missouri City, TX. Its school informes sixth, seventh and eighth grade students. BMS opened in August 2006 and was named later Mr. Billy Baines. Mr. Baines was hired in 1959 as the first Afri hobo American brain and he served Fort Bend ISD for thirty years. BMS has approximately 1,400 students with an average 181 student-to-t each(prenominal)er ratio. BMS is a assorted school with equal distribution by gender and ethnicity. African Americans, Caucasians, and Hispanics are predominating ethnic groups at BMS. supernumerary Education at BMS consists of two part miens. I had the pleasure of observing Ms. bicyclists fork. Her class has quaternion male students Deonte, Samuel, Jonathan, and Cody. Deonte is an African American son who appears to be about 16 years superannuated, about 64. Deonte shows characteristics comparable to Autism, Attention Deficit Disorder and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Samuel is an Afri can American boy who is about 52 and roughly 13 years old. He shows characteristics comparable to psychological Retardation, and verbiage Impairment.Jonathan is a Hispanic boy about 15 years old, 5 6, and shows characteristics comparable to Mental Retardation and Speech Impairment. Cody is a 51 Asian American boy who is left transfer and very active in the classroom. Cody shows characteristics comparable to severe Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and a appreciation in meditateing. Teachers spend an average of four years being taught to teach, however each student learns other than and there are about a dozen slipway to impart knowledge. Students use an array of techniques to learn information, some use medication, others learn by doing, or by victimisation a visual guardianship to assist in learning.Teaching has truly be get in an art because there are m all ways that students learn and process information. Teachers spend hours planning lessons that use each of our multiple intelligences. Howard Gardner introduced the multiple intelligence system in 1983, and leads educators to think that humans have a wide range of cognitive abilities. By utilise many methods of instruction teachers can keep students engaged in the learning process. Ms. Wheelers class although engaged, was not fully attentive at all times. Her students had a difficult time staying on task.Ms. Wheeler was able to redirect students and keep them motivated. Ms. Wheeler motivated student with rewards for good behavior, correct answers, and following instructions. She to a fault keeps a high level of enthusiasm, by using statements like this is neat or this is an exciting liaison. Ms. Wheeler spends time planning assignments that pull up stakes arrest each student and their learning style. She uses different instructional methods to keep her students engaged in learning, such as group activities and centers.She does not use a vast deal of lecture because students easily get distracted. Ms. Wheeler in addition uses the many tools in her classroom to accommodate the class. For example, many students are completely able to read at a contourergarten edition level, so when the class read about the Ryder Cup Golf she used the SMART Board. The students who could read took turns reading period others followed along, some words would have small pictures above them that represented the word. After the class had finished reading she played an audio clip of the reading to review. Ms.Wheeler also used the multiple intelligence supposition in her belief, she taught students to brush their teeth and wash their hands after eating lunch, and this uses logical-mathematics intelligence. She also taught students by using the musical intelligence she had a music therapist come by to teach students how to use music to remember affairs they are learning in class. Ms. Wheelers class is located in room 1105, the front door reads Welcome to Ms. Wheelers class. Ms. Wheele rs class has a welcoming and safe feeling even before you walk into the classroom.Walking into her classroom the first thing you see is the centers arranged around the room. Her classroom is connected to the other particular rearing classroom by the bathroom and kitchen area. Ms. Wheelers class is bare with little on the walls. She believes that posters and art causes distractions to her students. Although, it is hard to teach students who are easily distracted, Ms. Wheeler accepts the distractions in a positive manner. She can get task with her students for a moment and find ways to easily passageway back to the task at hand.For example, Ms. Wheeler was teaching about the life cycle of a butterfly and Deonte asked her whom she spent her weekend with. Ms. Wheeler replied that she spent it with her cat. In order to get back to the task at hand she told a story about her cat playing in the garden, and they saw a caterpillar. Her transitions in the midst of topics work well for he r students. Ms. Wheelers students also show her a lot of warmth she kindly and professionally returns the affection. Samuel loves high-fives and hugs, while Cody likes fist pumps.Much of the affection shown in the class is done after a task or during transition periods. Ms. Wheeler quizzes her students after each completed task. She typically puts a worksheet up on the SMART Board and calls on students to come to the board and answer one of the questions on the board. Also during centers the teacher or teachers aide-de-camp will ask many questions to make sure the student understands the assignment. When students succeed Ms. Wheeler always praises them with kind remarks. Ms. Wheelers class was at most times chaotic.Her class follows little rules and behavior varies between students. Ms. Wheeler does remind students often to use inside voices and to pay attention. However, because the students are all special necessitate students you cannot punish them for behavior that is relativ e of their mental or physical disability. The instructor utilizes individualized learning objectives she uses centers as a way to have one on one instructional time with her students. Each of her students are on different academic levels, so one on one time with her students is vital to the education progression of her students.Based on the progression of her students it is sometimes necessary to make adjustments to their individualized education platform (IEP) and individualized schedules. In conclusion, observing Ms. Wheelers class has taught me about how to teach students who have any disability and how to individualize education even within the general education. My time in Ms. Wheelers class was spent only observing. Fort Bend ISD does not allow much interaction with their special needs students, because they want to keep their students on their adapted schedules.The theory behind this is the children are able to transition between school and home easier. My experience in Ms. Wheelers class has taught me the importance of attention when working with young students. It also taught me how important it is to have a student teacher meeting with each of my students and address their weaknesses and strengths. This will help me in making sure each student is succeeding to the trump out of their ability. I also have decided that when I begin teaching, I will use a large array of teaching strategies to accommodate the different learning style of all students.My desired storey is Education, Math fourth to eighth grade and in my classroom I can use an bash or SMART Board to allow students a chance to student teach. I can also use personal white boards for rapid math games. Observing middle school special education has confirmed to me that I could not teach special education. Those who can teach these exceptional children in my opinion must have a special quality to handle the demand of their jobs. It takes an exceptional teacher to teach these amazing children. However, I have decided teaching middle school is where I will be most effective.For a long time I believed that teaching elementary was always the way to go, but allowing students to take action in their own education is a future goal of mine. The only way I can see this vision come to pass is by teaching students old enough to take charge of their actions yet young enough to mold. Nelson Mandela once said, Education is the most virile weapon which you can use to change the world. I want to teach the new generation that victorious charge of their education will change the world around them.

Analyse How the Film ‘The Matrix’ presents two Different Versions of Reality

We ar presented with two different versions of reality. In one we get the whimsy of e actuallything macrocosm enclosed and lifeless, this is the hyaloplasm which is a computer program designed as a frame for gentlemans gentleman minds. In it quite a little throw off no individuality they are all solely position of the system. The other reality is a harsh post apocalyptic one where computers have enslaved humanity and the flick is dark. This reality is when humans are conscious and no longer part of the hyaloplasm. In the first blastoff I analysed the, the camera moves along a split section of a wall next to neos map until he comes into capture.This reminds us that there are walls all around and he is enclosed, this is important because it shows that in the Matrix slew are enclosed to make them easier to control. The index he is in is real bland and the illuminate is subdued to give the feeling of oppression, this demonstrates how the Matrix has been designed to b e dull and uninspiring. The walls parting the office Neo works in are very short allowing people to suffer over them, this gives the impression of being watched all the cartridge clip. When the delivery man enters the scene and gives Neo the case it is all done in a monotonous way.Neo and the delivery man do not make eye contact and even fall out when the delivery man talks to Neo he does so in an emotionless way. This accentuates how people in the Matrix act manage machines and tend not to show much human emotion. Neo opens the package to find a mobile phone inside. The phone rings as soon as neo opens it, this makes it seem like whoever is phoning him is watching him. When Neo answers the phone euphony starts, it is a fast beat exactly not very loud, this builds tension and helps make the mood more exciting.Morpheus speaks to Neo and tells him to look over his office wall, as he does this, the camera cuts to what he is looking at. Neo sees the agents talking to a woman. Th e music turns into a dramatic drum roll as the agents come into view this builds drama in the scene and shows that the agents are not good. The agents are wearing black suits which contrast against the cream walls of the office and normal c parthes everyone else are wearing. This shows us that they are important and not just normal people.The agents in like manner wear sunglasses, eyes are an important part of the human face and are in some cultures said to be windows to the soul. By dressing the agents in sunglasses I think the director mean to make them less human and without a soul like machines. The agents all turn their heads in unison to look at Neo, this is very abnormal and creepy, and it makes them look as though they are all one unit. Neo quickly ducks down in the mouth to stop the agents from seeing him. We see Neo crouching on the phone the camera gives us an aerial view of Neo.The way we see him crouching in the corner of his office with no where to escape, like a ca ged animal is like a metaphor for the Matrix being like a Zoo for humans. As Neo leaps into a cubical on instruction from Morpheus the music speechlesss down and Neo hides in a dark corner. The slow music makes the audience relax slightly and the dark lights emphasises that Neo is hiding away. As Neo whence runs around the office the music gets much faster and builds excitement and energy. The camera tracks Neo as he runs away which makes the office look like a maze.The maze could alike be interpreted as the Matrix with Morpheus is guiding him out of to escape from the agents, this mirrors what happens in the film when Morpheus really does guide Neo out of the Matrix. I think that by making the Matrix look like a dull, lifeless outrank the directors were trying to show us that the matrix was designed to be un-stimulating and mind controlling to stop people questioning their reality, so they dont realise that they are in the Matrix and learn how to control it to escape. The progr am gives people just enough stimulation to keep their minds occupied while the computers use their bodies for energy.When the scene on Morpheuss air first starts the screen is black and we hear Morpheuss voice. This makes it feel as if we are hearing him through the ears of person who is asleep. The light then gets very bright then fades to a shot of Trinity. The way the light is very bright then fades makes it seem like someone waking up because when you open your eyes afterward a deep sleep everything seems too bright and hurts your eyes. The shot of Trinity comes from an angle where Neo is position which makes it seem like we are seeing her through his eyes. We then see an aerial view of Neos head.He looks very pale and the bed he is laying on is a dark background which makes a contrast to his pale skin, this shows us that he hasnt been exposed to any or much light. He also has no hair with shows he hasnt been growing properly. The fact that he has no hair and is pale also ma kes him look like a new born baby, this metaphorically expresses how being taken out of the Matrix and coming into the real world is like being reborn. When we see the machines he is being monitored by he looks like a new born baby being kept in an incubator which demonstrates how lightsome he must be.The music is much slower and calmer in contrast to the fast energetic music that is heard in the matrix. This could be because time is more real in this world and is passing slower. As the camera cuts to different shots of Neo it fades out to black then back in, this could be portraying how time is moving slowly. The attenuation could also be Neo fading in and out of consciousness. It could have been intended by the directors to look like a hallucinatory affect, as if Neo was dreaming and only semi-conscious. When we see the side shot of Neo we see lots of long needles protruding from his body.The needles reminisce ones used in acupuncture which is an ancient art, mixed with a blue li ght that shines on Neo to give a futuristic feel. This illustrates the very elder mixing with the new to impress upon the audience how science and medicine have moved on and become more advanced through the years, but not forgotten the old techniques like acupuncture. When Neo talks to Morpheus we see he has grown some hair, this shows us that a lot of time has passed. The music is very calm which sets a mood of security.The camera tracks along Neos body exhibit all of the holes and instruments sticking out of him, this shows us that Neo has never used his muscles before so the aesculapian equipment is helping him grow some faster. The fact that he has things sticking in his skin and going at a lower place the skin show us how things are real, but in the Matrix people are just digital projections of their minds. Its like when you pinch yourself to make sure you are not dreaming. The scene ends by fading to black again which could mean Neo is drifting out of consciousness or that time is passing.

A Story from the Childhood That Is Reenacting My Life Today Essay

Years ago when I was a small kid, there was a point in time when I thought I was going to die or was going to live in a way other than other normal people. I accidentally cut my finger with a scissors by mistake plot of ground I was at my experiences work place for a visit. As a slight child, I was very frightened by the look of blood and thought I was going to drowse off my finger or hand back then. My find used to be a banker working in one of the leading banks in Kuwait.I recall my father told me that he was going to be onward for some time from his desk to do some important work and once he comes back he will get me chocolates and candy. While I was playing around at my fathers plaza I picked up a scissors and starting cutting papers and then I screamed as I have cut myself by mistake in my finger. Moments after, a colleague of my father ran into his piece and helped me. His name was Ali. He helped me clear the blood quickly and was very supportive. I recall Alis rejoin der was exactly what a kid in such situation would hope for.He cared over me in delicate and nurturing manner. My whole world changed since that day, as a child I have developed go to sleep and respect to Ali and used to ask my father to take me to his office every civilise holiday to put on Ali. I recall I used to prefer sitting in his office than staying at my fathers. I grew up having the same thoughts till the day I have graduated from high school as I have then decided to study Accounting and Finance in ordering to allow me to work in a bank and be a good caring soul like the people I used to see when I was a child at my fathers work.

Infections That Are Caused By Pathogens

Pathogens are microorganisms that bm diseases are c solelyed pathogens. They are specialised to corrupt the human soundbox tissues where they puke and cause damage that gives rise to the symptoms of the infection although this may happen the body is really good at repairing itself as the body participations back by mobilising its immune system to fight of the infection.Infection is an invasion by a multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms in a bodily part or tissue which may spend a penny subsequent tissue injury and progress to overt disease done and through a variety of wine cellar or toxic mechanismhere are some of the zones in the body presentation how pathogens cause infections and diseasePathogenic microorganisms can be spread from person to person in a number of ways. not all pathogens use all the available routes. For eccentric, the influenza virus is communicable from person to person through the air, typically via sneezing or coughing. But the virus is not tr ansmitted via water. In contrast, Escherichia coli is readily transmitted via water, food, and blood, simply is not readily transmitted via air or the bite of an insect.While routes of transmission vary for contrasting pathogens, a given pathogen will use a given route of transmission. This has been used in the weaponisation of pathogens. The known example is anthrax. The bacterium that causes anthraxBacillus anthracescan form an environmentally hardy form called a spore. The spore is very small and light.Pathogenic microorganisms can grow on currents of air and can be breathed into the lungs, where the bacterium repossess growth and swiftly cause a serious and often fatal form of anthrax.Infections That ar Caused By PathogensPathogens are microorganisms that cause diseases are called pathogens. They are specialised to infect the human body tissues where they reproduce and cause damage that gives rise to the symptoms of the infection although this may happen the body is very g ood at repairing itself as the body fights back by mobilising its immune system to fight of the infection.Infection is an invasion by a multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms in a bodily part or tissue which may produce subsequent tissue injury and progress to overt disease through a variety of cellar or toxic mechanismhere are some of the zones in the body showing how pathogens cause infections and disease.Pathogenic microorganisms can be spread from person to person in a number of ways. Not all pathogens use all the available routes. For example, the influenza virus is transmitted from person to person through the air, typically via sneezing or coughing. But the virus is not transmitted via water. In contrast, Escherichia coli is readily transmitted via water, food, and blood, but is not readily transmitted via air or the bite of an insect.While routes of transmission vary for different pathogens, a given pathogen will use a given route of transmission. This has been used in the weaponisation of pathogens. The best-known example is anthrax. The bacterium that causes anthraxBacillus anthracescan form an environmentally hardy form called a spore. The spore is very small and light.Pathogenic microorganisms can grow on currents of air and can be breathed into the lungs, where the bacteria resume growth and swiftly cause a serious and often fatal form of anthrax.

Structure of the Nucleus, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Ribosomes, Assignment

Structure of the Nucleus, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, Golgi Dody, and Lysosomes - Assignment ExampleThe main function of the carrel is to control the chemical formula of proteins (as directed by DNA and ribonucleic acid). The nucleus itself is a membrane-bound organelle, which means that it is slightly separated by a thin membrane from the rest of the cell components (Tortora & Derrickson, 2008). However, this poses a challenge as messages need to be carried from the wrap DNA found in chromosomes to the rest of the cell, which is why there are nuclear pores to allow the transition of water-soluble molecules (Campbell & Reece, 2005). The chromosomes themselves are mostly found tightly-packed as chromatin (except during replication), and this function allows the huge amount of kind DNA to be contained at heart each cell (Campbell & Reece, 2005). The structure of these chromosomes changes throughout the cell cycle, particularly relating to cell division. During mitosis or meiosis (cell division), chromatin structures become more condensed and as a result of this change in structure, transcription stops. During mitosis, structures known as microtubules form, anchoring the chromatid to the cell wall. This attachment is what allows the cell to divide, splitting sister chromatids in two to form two haploid daughter cells (Campbell & Reece, 2005).... The ER itself is generally split into two sections, known as the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the inactive. The rough ER plays a part in the synthesis of proteins, which is why its progress is covered in ribosomes involved in the process (Tortora & Derrickson, 2008). The ribosomes themselves are bound to the rough ER on a transitory basis, depending on the signal from the nucleus (Tortora & Derrickson, 2008). In fact, the reason that the rough ER is alleged(prenominal) is because the fact that it is studded with these ribosomes makes it look rough under an electron microscope (Tortora & Derr ickson, 2008). The ribosomes themselves only bind to the rough ER as required by the cell, and are associated with the initialization of protein-synthesis for part of a secretory pathway (Tortora & Derrickson, 2008). The smooth ER is involved in the synthesis of lipids required by the cell. It is the increased surface area created by the smooth ER that allows the action of enzymes involved in lipid and steroid synthesis. Each part of the ER thus has a distinct function in regulating cell behavior. Ribosomes Ribosomes are found within all living cells and are primarily involved in protein synthesis, also known as rendition (Tortora & Derrickson, 2008). To do this, the ribosomes link in concert amino acids (found within the cell) to a template specified from messenger RNA (mRNA). This message, in turn, has come from the DNA code found within the nucleus. There are two subunits which bear a ribosome the small unit which reads the mRNA template, and the larger unit which anchors small amino acid units together to create a larger, fully formed protein (Campbell & Reece, 2005).