Social Factors On Consumer Tastes And Preferences Essay

Social Factors On Consumer Tastes And Preferences - Essay Example Those who earn a good amount of money usually consume a majority of economic and cultural capital. The division may be symmetrical with balance between the economic and cultural capital or asymmetrical with the balance tilted in favour of one of the capitals. The characteristics of each of the structure are distinctive and those structures are called habitus. The lifestyles are therefore influenced by the habitus. Taste has assumed great importance in the Habitus as it is often the distinctive factor of the matching principles in the society. In cultural consumption, there has been a distinction between the rarity of the product and the easy availability of the product. The rare products are considered as precious and the more readily available ones are called vulgar. The choice of tastes of the upper class of the society is distinctively different from the lower class of the society. Taste refers to â€Å"amor fati† or the destiny’s choice, which is forced by the condi tions of existence and makes the preference of the necessity. (Bordieu, 1984) Music has been an essential part of social life for thousands of years. Over the years, music has inserted a deep impact on the social life of the human beings. Eminent personalities in the history of music like Mozart, Beethoven etc. have played an important part in the popularity of music. Music was used as a tool in various social happenings, gatherings and even as a form of revolt. Great revolts in the annals of history were in some parts inspired by music.

French Revolution Discussion Questions Essay Example for Free

French Revolution Discussion Questions Essay 1. After the Sun King died in 1715, Frances financial status was bad. As the 18th century progressed these problems were never fixed and the problems continued to worsen. The Bourbons faced a variety of socio-political problems during the 18th century. After supporting the American Revolution and getting nothing in return because of the Treaty of Paris, France was left with insurmountable amounts of debt. To try to decrease the amount of debt facing France, Louis XVI tried to raise taxes but was met with a resounding protest throughout the country. The government could not inflate their currency because they did not have a central bank or paper currency. It seemed this financial situation was next to impossible to overcome. The general population was upset because the cost of living was skyrocketing; they were unable to provide for their daily needs and the monarchy was wasting money on unnecessary luxuries. 2. When the French Revolution began the French people were divided into three estates. The first estate consisted of the clergy, the second the nobility, and the third estate was the rest of France. Each estate had problems with the monarchy and wanted reform. The clergy was upset that the churchs income was being depleted from the local parishes to political appointees and worldly aristocrats the sat at the top of church hierarchy. Because of this, the economic position of local parishes were poor. The rest of the French population had simple problems but for some reason were not being solved. The third estate wanted bread to be attainable for all so they could feed their families. The price of bread was very high and the economic position of the country was terrible because of the debt caused by their support of the American Revolution, which caused widespread hunger. The three estates blamed the monarchy for their problems because no one else had enough power to come up with a solution. Unfortunately, the King couldnt make decisions and was influenced by the people around him in his decision making. Marie Antoinette and the court nobles did not care about the third estate, they just wanted to be able to maintain their frivolous lifestyle of luxury and ease. 3. The main goal of the Revolutionaries was to create a new constitution which they did in August 1789 when they issued the declaration of the rights of man. This stated that mankinds natural rights are liberty, property, security, resistance to oppression and that every man is innocent until proven guilty. It also stated that the law would express the feelings and the opinions of the general will. The Revolutionaries in 1789 attempted to create a constitutional monarchy. The Enlightenment philosophers, especially Montesquieu, influenced the type of government the French would become. Montesquieu believed in a separation of powers or a series of checks and balances so that there would not be tyranny. France wanted their government to follow that example. 4. The goal of the revolution was to reform Frances government and bring equality to all people. The revolution took such a radical turn because of political and social factors. People knew that the National Assembly was working on reforming the government and the economic situation of France. They started to become impatient and decided to take matters into their own hands. The Great Fear is one of the ways the peasants tried to free themselves from manorial rights and peasants invaded the palace as an attempt to be heard by the monarchy. The inter-conflict of the National Assembly caused the revolution to take a radical turn as well. Some people believed bloodshed was the only way to solve the problems of the revolution. They believed the monarchy needed to be disposed of which resulted of the execution of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. Some revolutionaries were determined to put an end to tyranny throughout Europe and declared war against Britain, Holland, Spain in addition to Austria and Prussia whom they were already at war with. 5. One of the most controversial phases of the French Revolution, the Reign of Terror, was a step backwards in terms of the ideals developed during the Revolution. During the Reign of Terror, the Constitution previously implemented was suspended and the rights of sovereignty that the Revolutionaries had fought for all was revoked. The Reign of Terror was a political tool to scare all who might oppose the new revolutionary government. The goal was to initiate an ideal democratic republic where justice would reign supreme and there would be no differentiation between the rich and the poor. 6. Robespierre was one of the main leaders of the revolution and considered himself a disciple of Rousseau. I believe this is true because he follows the same beliefs about the general will as Rousseau does. Rousseau believes that in society everyone should be dependant of each other in all aspects of life. This dependency would prevent individual achievement, and everyone would be equal. Robespierre wanted there to be no difference between rich and poor. Rousseau also believed that nothing could be done without the consent of all people. One person could not make decisions independently and could not be without the consent of all.

Discussion On Patois Is Not A Language English Language Essay

Discussion On Patois Is Not A Language English Language Essay Assignment #1: Discussion on the Topic Patois is Not a Language The use of the English language, which has been paramount to my development as a Jamaican citizen, has indeed created a tremendous impact on my life, thus enhancing my ability to communicate effectively within society as English language is currently recognized as the official language of education, international business, communication, media, the internet, technology, entertainment, instruction manuals and electrical and other appliances. Knowing Standard English, the most global of languages, has afforded me the ability to comfortably interact and benefit from its multiple international possibilities as today, only the verbally advantaged speakers are considered trainable, employable and are accepted professionally. While conducting my research, I noted very interestingly that over the years, there has been minor or no changes in the definition of language. Language, as explained by Soanes Stevenson in the Concise Oxford Dictionary 2008, 11th Edition can be defined as the system of communication used by a particular community or country, while a definition from the Book Human Communication: Motivation, Knowledge and Skills, describes language as a complex phenomenon whose meaning depends on where and when it is used. It is further explained to be a verbal symbol system that allows us to take messages and utterances in the form of words and translate them into meaning. (Morrale, Spitzberg Barge, 2006). I also gathered from the website http://wordnet.web.princeton.edu/perl/webwn that Language is the forms of speech, or the methods of expressing ideas, peculiar to a particular nation. The term Patois is used widely in Jamaica, and can refer to any sort of indistinct or broken language in any country of the world. Patois is used to refer to a variety of creole languages. A creole language develops from the combination of two or more languages. Patois is any language that is not spoken in its original form. The patois that is spoken in the Caribbean is called creole. The creole patois was developed by the slaves in slavery days. The slaves learned their masters native language-French, and combined it with their African Language to form this dialect. This dialect was created so that the slaves could speak amongst themselves without their masters knowing what they were saying. The culture was passed down to many generations and is still spokenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (http://whattocook.com/what_is_patois.html- obtained from source Friday, September 24, 2010) Patois is not officially a language in Jamaica; I am able to state same based on research that it has not (yet) been made official by the Government of Jamaica. And, although most Jamaicans primarily use patois for daily communication, it is quite interesting to note that, if you ask a Jamaican citizen at this particular moment, what language he or she speaks, the immediate response would be English. However, not all Jamaicans use patois. Patois is mostly spoken among the poorer class in Jamaica although many middle class people use patois as a casual language in various social settings. The general feeling about Patois is that it is a poor mans language and it is considered in this way because no strict rules outlining the standard grammar of the English language are followed and this gives the appearance of the person using it to seem uneducated which is why writers are encouraged to stay away from dialect as it is often hard for their reading audience to understand. Based on my personal investigation, I have come to understand that patois has always been considered unacceptable and it has been debated that it should be kept informal and is not to be used for any official purpose. This, I have noticed, as there are always whispers, negative utterances and even scoffing at persons who are unable to speak Standard English, whether in a social setting or workplace; such persons have been labeled as socially and linguistically inferior. Nevertheless, Patois is continuously being promoted daily via music (especially dancehall), poetry, for example those by Joan Andrea Hutchinson and Mutabaruka) and the media (newspapers, radio, television etc.). Gleaner writers such as Jennifer Keane Dawes and Dr. Kingsley Stewart have been trying to keep Jamaicans connected to their roots by writing columns about life situations or just for humour, strictly in patois, however, I dont think that this is helping the patois vocabulary of the readers. I, myself, read the columns and find some of them interesting yet very hard to read and interpret. Dr. Carolyn Cooper and Mrs. Barbara Gloudon, among others, also write articles in patois from time to time in the media, however, these are much easier on the eye. It is an issue of debate as to making patois an official language, which some believe will help to increase the self-esteem of many Jamaicans and add more strength to their identity if patois is considered as valuable a language as any. It is also discussed that recognition of patois may also increase communication skills and social interaction in Jamaica. In my opinion, most Jamaicans already know patois and, being that it is a form of language which is not considered appropriate for official purposes such as public functions etc., I dont believe that this is necessary to make it official or to even teach it, as some propose. I read an article where it is explained that in March 1999, a group of students from the UWI, Mona Campus put together a proposal in the hope of gaining Jamaican Language or patois, an official status. It is argued that this effort to make patois official is quite unnecessary because students are already having a hard time mastering Standard English in school, (Vascianne, 1999) much to my agreement. I am also in full agreement with Mooris Cargill, a Jamaican columnist that if patois continues to gain legitimacy, it will destroy English. Pryce (1997) states that the high illiteracy state is partially blamed by many Jamaicans on the presence of two languages in the country and outlined the belief of Professor Carl Stone that the reason students are having trouble with the English Language is more as a result of students not reading enough. I dont believe it is intelligent to implement certain changes such as food labels or even The Bible into patois. (N.B. Recently the book of Luke was translated into patois by a group of graduates of the UWI and became available in stores on 08/09/10) (http://wwww.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20100809/lead/lead2.html- obtained from source on Sunday, September 26) 2010) and I think it is would be quite absurd to see road traffic signs in patois. Imagine for example: instead of Buses only you read Ongle bus or instead of Reserved for handicaps you see Fi di andycap dem, etc. I work in a public educational institution, and at times am privileged to read some of the errors recorded by students at the advanced level in the secondary education system. Some of the students dont seem to remember that English is the recognized first language of the society and often make their response in their own form of patois. I believe that some teachers are to be blamed for this because at times, they themselves do not use the Standard English in the classroom and this, I believe, may be the reason why the students feel it is okay to record their responses in the manner that most of them do. Most of the students at the institution hail from the small fishing and peasant farming community of Annotto Bay and most of their parents have never had the opportunity to learn Standard English and most times do not necessarily speak patois out of cultural pride, but as a result of a lack of education, therefore if the students are not taught proper English by their teachers at scho ol, then they eventually become verbally disadvantaged and rely solely on what they have learnt from their uneducated parents at home and what they pick up on the streets, therefore, my point is that there will never be an end to illiteracy as far as this is concerned if the teachers fail to carry out their purpose. While I embrace my home tongue, patois, I honestly have a strong rejection to it being allowed and accepted everywhere. No language is a uniform system in which everyone talks just like everyone else. People who speak a given language share knowledge of its basic rules. Such common knowledge is the basis of mutually intelligible communication. (Kottak, 2002) It is a fact that there are certain social situations that influence our speech such as Geographical location, Cultural practices, and Socioeconomic differences and whatever phonological differences which are present are looked down on. Whether it is fair or not, people judge you not only by the way you look but by the way you speak. Proper language becomes a strategic resource, correlated with wealth, prestige and power. (Kattak, 2002). I believe that in order to effectively learn and properly use Standard English, it has to be practiced. Everyone needs to practice and learn Standard English in order to develop a career for if we should examine closely, we will notice that all academic institutions list English Language as a requirement for admission and all organizations, no matter what the job may be, requires Standard English as an asset for obtaining a job. Some of the most industrious people in society are those who are proud active speakers of patois, yet are not limited to learning and using the English language and encourage their children to do so. The Clergy, Lawyers, Doctors, Chief Executive Officers, Lecturers, Teachers and the rest of Jamaicas learned class primarily use English, not because they have access to the enlightened larger world, but because we continue to stigmatize the language that is used for official purposes all over the world. I will never look down on patois or scoff at persons who are unable to speak Standard English because, to me, some persons are simply not able to express themselves fluently no matter how hard they try, and I another reason is that I am aware that many Jamaicans feed their families from work done in the informal economy (eg. Factory, beauty shop, taxi service, vending etc.) where patois is the main language used not necessarily because they are illiterate but because that is what is available to them in this country. Everyone, at some time or another say words in patois. I cannot imagine any single Jamaican who I interact with on a daily basis who does not use it. Our Jamaican everyday language, as I affectionately call patois, when used by certain professionals gain them a respect or a certain cooperation and I believe that is the main reason why it is really used to get cooperation. I enquired of my brother who has been a Police Officer for seventeen years (who speaks mostly English when around friends and family) why they use patois when accosting bad men, and he explained to me, that some of the things they want to say may not have the same effect when said in Standard English. He shared some examples with me: A ded you waa ded instead of Do you want to die? Stap gwaan like you bad instead of Stop behaving badly and I could go on. I have also observed the Dean of Discipline at my school on several occasions handling certain situations, and for a situation with a very unruly child, especially boys, I realized that patois is often used. When I asked her why, she told me that at times, it is the only way to control them by speaking to them in the way they understand and as most times administered to them at home. She confirmed that whenever patois is used, they know that there is no joking. Other persons, such as vendors in a craft market, use patois to promote their wares to tourists; radio talk show hosts and media personalities use it to add real Jamaican vibes to their presentations; teachers sometimes use it to get across a point in class or to reprimand an unruly child; and children/students, oftentimes as they prefer, mostly because of peer pressure. I, myself, at work, interacting with my co-workers use some amount of patois, and from time to time, the members of my department, and students whom I supervise, have made me put aside all English (which I mostly use) and level with them in the language which they know and can easily relate to. Personally, I dont have a problem with patois. I grew up in a home where it wasnt looked down on, however, I was strictly required to address my parents (and everyone else whenever in their presence in Standard English). Most of the English Language I know and speak fluently today has been taught to me in my home, and this has often caused me to wonder about those children whose parents are uneducated and are unable to teach them. I am not saying that patois doesnt qualify, but I dont believe that one should be limited to learning only patois, because then, one may not be able to expand or move on to the world scale. I know that many Jamaicans are very foreign minded and this limitation would impact very negatively. In the meantime, I continue to embrace our beloved Patois and believe that as Jamaicans, it is not intelligible to want it to be made official so that other nations may be able to buy a manual or dictionary and learn it and be able to take advantage of it. I want patois to remain unique to us as Jamaicans. Other countries have their own creole which has not been made official and for example, even though I speak a little Spanish and can understand when spoken to in the language, if a native Spanish speaker wants to make disparaging comments about me in his native Creole right in front of my face, I would not be able to understand what is being said about me. Although I admit to hearing patois rather than poor English, I do believe that there is a time and place for patois. As a Jamaican, I like the humor and versatility our everyday language. And while I remain in agreement that patois is an effective medium of communication through which countless traditions and life skills have been passed, I emphasize my position nevertheless, that it is not necessary to teach patois or to promote it because Jamaicans naturally acquire the . patois necessary for cultural expressions and social and informal occasions.

Jackie Robinson Essay -- essays research papers

Baseball has always been America’s national pastime. In the early and all the way into the mid 50’s, baseball was America and America was baseball. The only thing lacking in the great game was the absence of African American players and the presence of an all white sport. America still wasn’t friendly or accepted the African American race and many still held great prejudice towards them. All this would change when the general manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers, Branch Rickey decided he was going to sign a Negro player. Jackie Robinson was that player and Jackie Robinson changed the game, America, and history. By looking specifically at his childhood adversity, college life and the hardships he encountered by becoming the first black player in the game, it will be shown why Jackie Robinson is a great American story and hero. Jackie Robinson was born in Cairo, Georgia to a family of sharecroppers and then moved to Pasadena, California. His mother Millie raised Jackie and four others single-handedly in a neighborhood where they were the only blacks on the block (Duckett 19). In Pasadena is where Jackie would first realize his color would bring him much grief and heartache in the many coming years. Here, Jackie grew up poor, on a good day he would get two meals a day, but usually depended on the leftovers his mother could bring home from work. Many of the whites in the neighborhood and surrounding areas would try to buy them out, beg them to move, and threaten them if they didn’t. The Robinson’s stayed strong and never budged as they were determined to stay (Duckett 21). Jackie would move on to bigger and better things as Jackie stared in high school athletics and moved onto college. Pasadena Junior College was Jackie’s first stop as he enrolled into a very liberal school which did deal with blacks better than most. This was overshadowed by his brother being there and being known as the country’s premier amateur sprinter (Daniels 68). Here Jackie quickly developed into a star baseball player and athlete and quickly became known as a great athlete, but most importantly his baseball game was taking off. Jackie also developed a great love for football here and could have been just as good, if not his first love of baseball. Jackie spent 1937 to 1939 at PJC and then moved on to his next greatest achievement, UCLA. Jackie ended many months of rumors, anticipation, ... ...resident Bill Clinton, the First Lady and Jackie Robinson’s wife, Major League Baseball Commissioner Bud Selig announced that number 42, the number of Jackie Robinson, would never be worn again and retired in all 30 major league baseball stadiums. In honor of the 50th year anniversary of Robinson breaking the color barrier, all teams wore commemorative patches on their uniforms to honor Robinson. The legend of Jackie Robinson will never be forgotten, as his memory will forever be here as a reminder of his achievements. The doors he opened for so many can never be closed. America is about Freedom and Jackie Robinson is symbolic of freedom and life. Roy Campanella best said it about Jackie and freedom, â€Å"When Jackie took the field, something within us reminded us of our birthright to be free† (Chadwick 352). There are very few who have had the impact on a game, history, and America as Robinson did. He touched more lives then anyone of his time. Many people feel a person’s life is judged on what they did for others, well Jackie Robinson’s life was a success. â€Å"A life is not important except the impact it has on others† (Chadwick 417). Thank you Jackie, you are gone but not forgotten.

Swot Analysis of Dell Computers

Dell Computer Corporation started in 1984 by Michael Dell with this very simple premise as its basic foundation: that personal computers could be built and sold directly to customers and by doing this, Dell could address their specific needs and provide the best computing solutions that meet those needs. Dell’s Direct Method provides two distinct advantages: 1. reducing marketing and sales cost by eliminating markups of distributors and retailers and 2. building to order reduced inventory costs and risks of retaining inventories. Dell’s Direct Model is the main reason why it has achieved its stellar status in business today. This strategic model enables Dell to interact with customers directly providing them with fast, reasonably-priced and friendly means of production and distribution. SWOT Analysis of Dell Computer Strengths Dell's Direct Model approach of enables the company to offer direct relationships with customers such as corporate and institutional customers. Their strategic method also provides other forms of products and services such as internet and telephone purchasing, customized computer systems; phone and online technical support and next-day, on-site product service. This extensive range of products and services is definitely one of Dell’s strengths. Dell Computer's award-winning customer service, industry-leading growth and consistently strong financial performance differentiate the company from competitors for the following reasons: Price for Performance – Dell boasts a very efficient procurement, manufacturing and distribution process allowing it to offer customers powerful systems at competitive prices. Customization – Each Dell system is built to order to meet each customer’s specifications. Reliability, Service and Support – Dell’s direct customer allows it to provide top-notch customer service before and after the sale. Latest Technology – Dell is able to introduce the latest relevant technology compared to companies using the indirect distribution channels. Dell turns over inventory for an average of every six days, keeping inventory costs low. The company's application of the Internet to other parts of the business –including procurement, customer support and relationship management — is growing at a rate of 30 percent. The company's Web site received at least 25 million visits at more than 50 country-specific sites. Weaknesses Dell’s biggest weakness is attracting the college student segment of the market. Dell’s sales revenue from educational institutions such as colleges only accounts for a measly 5% of the total. Dell’s focus on the corporate and government institutional customers somehow affected its ability to form relationships with educational institutions. Since many students purchase their PCs through their schools, Dell is obviously not popular among the college market yet. For home users, Dell’s direct method and customization approach posed problems. For one, customers cannot go to retailers because Dell does not use distribution channels. Customers just can’t buy Dell as simply as other brands because each product is custom-built according to their specifications and this might take days to finish. Opportunities Personal computers are becoming a necessity now more than ever. Customers are getting more and more educated about computers. Second-time buyers would most likely avail of Dell’s custom-built computers because as their knowledge grows, so do their need to experiment or use some additional computer features. Demand for laptops is also growing. As a matter of fact, demand for laptop has overtaken the demand for desktops. This is another opportunity for Dell to grow in other segments. The internet also provides Dell with greater opportunities since all they have to do now is to visit Dell’s website to place their order or to get information. Since Dell does not have retail stores, the online stores would surely make up for its absence. It is also more convenient for customers to shop online than to actually drive and do purchase at a physical store. Threats In a volatile market such as personal computers, threats abound. Computers change in a constant sometime daily basis. New software, new hardware and computer accessories are introduced at a lightning speed. It is essential for Dell therefore to be always on the lookout for new things or introduce new computer systems. The threat to become outmoded is a pulsating reality in a computer business. Not only that, companies must produce products that are high in quality but low in price. This is one challenge that Dell contends with. One of the biggest external threats to Dell is that price difference among brands is getting smaller. Dell’s Direct Model attracts customers because it saves cost. Since other companies are able to offer computers at low costs, this could threaten Dell’s price-conscious growing customer base. With almost identical prices, price difference is no longer an issue for a customer. They might choose other brands instead of waiting for Dell’s customized computers. The growth rate of the computer industry is also slowing down. Today, Dell has the biggest share of the market. If the demand slows down, the competition will become stiffer in the process. Dell has to work doubly hard to differentiate itself from its substitutes to be able to continue holding a significant market share. Technological advancement is a double-edge sword. It is an opportunity but at the same time a threat. Low-cost leadership strategy is no longer an issue to computer companies therefore it is important for computer companies to stand out from the rest. Technology dictates that the most up-to-date and fastest products are always the most popular. Dell has to always keep up with technological advancements to be able to compete.

Leadership of General George S. Patton Essay

The purpose of this research paper is to explore the different leadership styles that General George S. Patton Jr. used throughout his life, (November 11, 1885 until December 21, 1945). General Patton is often thought of as one of the most controversial generals in history. This paper will concentrate on events that happened in his life and how his determination, will and hard work helped him overcome and became a better leader. It is evident that in a review of the research General Patton was able to achieve many his success by determination and hard work to be the best in everything that he set his mind to accomplish. He was never happy, except when he was given the challenge of commanding men into battle. General Patton was a leader, a warrior and the most feared General by the Germans. General George S. Patton was a man who is often referred to as a great general, and leader of men who was equally just as controversial. His career in the Army was often a struggle for him to advance and receive the recognition that he deserved. This paper will cover the leadership styles of General Patton during the early, then during World War I. Next it will cover World War II and finally I will give my opinion on the subject. George S. Patton, who was sometime called Georgie, was an average child with the hopes and dreams of becoming a great military leader like his Grandfather, Great-Grandfather and many of his other relatives (Regan, 1960). He worked hard with his academic career to tried to get into West Point the United States Military Academy, but he was not accepted at first. Not deterred by this set back, he went to Virginia Military Institute (VMI) for a year (Reda, 2004). Even though he was going to VMI, he continued tirelessly to get accepted into West Point. Finally Patton was accepted into West Point, but he found it far more challenging then he imagined it would. The major reason that he had difficulty with the studies was because he was suffering from dyslexia, a disorder that caused everything to look backwards (Reda, 2004). Although faced with these difficulties, George never gave up, even when he was forced to repeat his plebe year, due to poor academic performance. However this failure to progress only strengthened his resolve and determination to better. In an effort of almost memorizing everything from his textbooks, he was able to achiev†¦

Start Writing that Essay and See It to Completion!

Start Writing that Essay and See It to Completion! Start Writing that Essay and See It to Completion! Writing skills are a necessity in school and most people’s everyday life. If you worry about writing, have a tendency to procrastinate, or are fearful about the assignment, here are some tips to help you start writing a strong essay and finish it by deadline. #1 Set a STRICT final deadline. Deadlines are important because they compel a writer to get the work in small chunks, within a manageable time frame. If you find that you have difficulty holding yourself accountable, set computer calendar reminders and ask a friend, parent, or someone else to remind you of your goals. Set extra reminders as the final due date approaches. #2 Set a daily quota. This will help you reach your deadline and (as mentioned in item #1) break the writing task into easier, more manageable tasks. #3 Write every day. Writing every day will help you develop the habit of thinking I get to write today, instead of â€Å"I have to write today.† (And, if that mental shift doesn’t happen, at least it will be a routine that compels you to get the job done.) #4 Shut off electronic devices and find a place to write comfortably. Rid yourself of all distractions which and become more focused on writing an essay that will catches the readers attention. #5 Visualize the finished piece. Be specific in your thought process and visualize exactly what your perfect essay can (and will) look like. Have your essays proofread by someone qualified to give appropriate feedback and edits. Our team of writing professionals at are ready to assist you. Talk to us at 1-800-573-0840.

Cause, symptoms and treatments of Ashtma Essays

Cause, symptoms and treatments of Ashtma Essays Cause, symptoms and treatments of Ashtma Essay Cause, symptoms and treatments of Ashtma Essay Asthma is a disease that has an estimated three hundred million people worldwide of all sexes and ages suffer from. It frequently begins in childhood goon, but it is possible that aged people in their 1970ss or 1880ss may develop it. Asthma chiefly affects the air passages ; these become inflamed doing it harder to breath. More mucous secretion is produced than normal in people that have asthma ; this contributes to the air passages going blocked which besides makes it harder to breath. Air that is being taken in stops the air being breathed out from get awaying and the air being breathed out stops the air being breathed in going down to the lungs, this makes the individual holding the onslaught attempt to breath harder and faster to seek and acquire air into the lungs and for O to defuse into the blood watercourse. ( Figure 1 ) Figure Diagnosing asthma is really hard, as many of the symptoms relate to other respiratory diseases. The chief symptoms are coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath and thorax stringency, and in kids another normally recognised symptom is the anterior nariss flame uping when take a breathing. These are all caused by the narrowing of the air passages as they become inflamed and mucous secretion is produced. Trials are frequently performed to guarantee the diagnosing of asthma is right, spirometry and extremum flow trials are the most common and in the aged ECG s are used in patients that are kicking of thorax strivings. Spirometry trials calculates the sum of air and how quickly the air is being blown out and a Peak Flow trial measures how narrow the air passages are by bring forthing a maximal and minimal rate at which the air is breathed out. Another trial that can besides be conducted is a reversibility trial, during this trial a bronchodilator drug is consumed by being breathed in, this drug opens the air passages and if the reading has an addition of 15 per centum or more the narrowing of the air passages is said to hold been reversed, which hence confirms asthma. There are many triggers that can make an asthma onslaught, some of these are ; a‚?allergies, cold air, coffin nail fume, exercising, respiratory infections, nutrient, acetylsalicylic acid based drugs and dust. When the trigger and airways come into contact with each other the musculuss inside contract to halt the atoms go oning down to the lungs which so restricts regular external respiration. There is no remedy for asthma, but it can be controlled by medicine. The medicine most normally used by asthmatics is B-2 ( Beta 2 ) stand-ins, which are by and large taken through inhalators, and are available in both short and long term signifiers. Asthma can besides be controlled by environmental alterations and being closely monitored. As two of the chief causes of asthma are dust and allergic reactions altering the sheets and eiderdown screens, and cleaning the house weekly will cut down the sum of dust in the air. Refrain from holding pets that have plumes or pelt, replacement rug floors with wooden 1s, and upholstered furniture with leather. Closely supervising asthma utilizing the extremum flow metre, the lung map will get down to worsen two or three yearss before an asthma onslaught occurs so if the reading on the extremum flow metre is 20 per centum less than the usual reading an asthma onslaught is non far off. Asthma is a really common disease of the air passages, which become enflamed doing it difficult for air to acquire into the lungs and for O to spread into the blood stream. This is caused by many different triggers such as dust, nutrient, allergic reactions and acetylsalicylic acids based drugs. The disease is difficult to name as many of the symptoms are related to other respiratory jobs, the chief symptoms are wheezing, coughing, chest stringency and shortness of breath. Although asthma is difficult to name there are a series of trials that can be conducted to guarantee that is it asthma. There are many different interventions for asthma but there is no specific remedy. The interventions are medicine, usually inhaled through and respirator, alteration of environment and supervising the asthma by taking regular reading utilizing a extremum flow metre. Varicose Veins What are varicose venas? What are the causes and symptoms, and how is it diagnosed and treated? Varicose venas are superficial venas which are swollen and chunky which look bluish or violet through the tegument, which is the effect of blood aggregation in that country. They are more common in adult females than in work forces. These venas are attached to deeper venas inside the leg by perforator venas through which blood from the outer beds of the legs flows through. Blood from the bosom circulates round the organic structure through the arterias and one time the foods and O has reached the legs the musculuss assist the blood flow as it has to travel upwards against gravitation back to the bosom through the venas. In the venas are valves which prevent the blood fluxing back down the venas, these valves open and near each clip the musculuss in the thigh and calf which compress the venas which are deep inside the leg. ( Figure 2 ) Figure 2 Symptoms of varicose venas are non ever the same for every person, but the most common marks of varicose venas are ; balls and blue or purple coloring material under the tegument, antsy legs, hurting and uncomfortableness in the legs, and swelling of the mortise joints. The size of the varicose venas does non impact which symptoms an single gets and how much uncomfortableness they cause. Although these symptoms are common for varicose venas they can besides be caused by another job. To name varicose venas a visit to the GP is advised, an scrutiny will be performed and they will inquire what symptoms the person has. In terrible instances patients will be referred to a vascular sawbones, these are physicians who specialise in blood vass. Varicose venas can easy been seen on the leg, but working out where they are positioned and how much harm there is to the valves in the venas the physicians may carry on a series of trials which are ; a Doppler trial, this is an extremist sound that uses sound moving ridges to acquire an image if the interior of the leg, which show the physician if the valves inside the venas are working decently and in which way the blood is fluxing ; a Colour Duplex ultrasound which searches for an abnormalcies within the construction of the vena ; and the Trendelenburg trial which involves the patient lying down, raising one leg, where the physician will compress the blood flow into the leg utilizing his or her custodies, or a compression banda ge ( an instrument that compresses the leg ) , so the patient will stand back up the physician will detect the venas replenishing will blood which gives an indicant of where the faulty valves lie within the vena. There are two chief causes of varicose venas, one is that there are non adequate valves in the vena and the other is that the walls are weak. There are other causes but these are frequently paired with one of the above ; gestation can do varicose venas as the fetal blood circulation can do the corruptible force per unit area in the female parent to lift, as can hormonal alterations. As person gets older the valves in the venas weaken doing back flow inside the venas which may take to coagulating and varicose venas. Fleshiness causes more force per unit area on the legs as they have to back up and transport more weight which increases the hazard of varicose venas ; standing for excessively long, this is found in people who have occupations such as traffic constabulary work forces, instructors and mill workers and other diseases, any hurt to the venas, blood curdling and tumors can do varicose venas. Some varicose venas will non do uncomfortableness hence intervention is non necessary, but if an person does make up ones mind to hold interventions there are many options. A non surgical intervention is compression stockings, these will alleviate the puffiness of the venas but will non forestall more from happening. They do this by assisting the blood to flux up towards the bosom. Surgery is another option. There are many types of surgery that will take the venas but while many people will non necessitate any more intervention afterwards varicose venas will reoccur in three in 10 people. The chief surgery is called ligation and denudation, this performed is finished within a twenty-four hours, which is done under general anesthesia. The superficial venas which have become varicose venas are merely removed from the legs but there are different surgeries depending on which venas are affected. Varicose venas are swollen chunky venas which have a aggregation of blood interior due to the valves non working decently which causes a back flow of blood. Symptoms are frequently antsy legs, swelling of the mortise joints and hurting legs. The two chief causes are failing of the venas walls and non adequate valves, partnered with these, gestation, fleshiness, standing for excessively long and age can besides do varicose venas. These can be treated with surgery, which removes the venas from the legs but does non bring around them wholly, in some instances varicose venas will return. There besides none surgical interventions such as compaction stockings which help coerce the blood flow back towards the bosom.

Urban planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Urban planning - Essay Example It proceeds in two ways: the multiplication of the points of concentration and the increase in size of the concentrations† (qtd. in Champion 144). This phenomenon is evident in some of the major cities in the world such as London and Paris, which have a high degree of urban concentration. On the other hand, suburbanisation is a term that has come to be viewed in regard to the decentralisation of urban places or metropolitans since it is a reflection of the â€Å"shift in patterns of development from the mainly lateral expansion of the city’s built-up core to much deeper penetration of house building into an extensive commuting hinterland or ring† (Champion 149). Simply put, suburbanisation is a description of the fringe areas of major cities resulting to areas called suburbs, which have various meanings depending on their definition in various places around the world. Nonetheless, the convention definition of suburbs implies that they are residential areas located in the fringe areas of a large city within a commuting distant to the city with some having political autonomy while the population density of these areas vary from one place to another. Suburbanization is the process where cities grow peripherally; starting by movement of people, trade and facilities from densely populated urban cores to, to less populated human settlements. Among the reasons were expansion in transport, crowded urban areas, industrial growth and immigration and Levittown played a crucial role in development of suburbs from the 1950’s and beyond (Marshall). The automobile age, which was after the Second World War, witnessed the return of many servicemen. They were all entitled to education and housing benefits. New bachelors’ degrees were issued and it created a professional class. The veterans that opted for vocational education filled the service sector. The two classes started having children that became baby

How Amazon Became One of Todays Major Online Retail Players Essay

How Amazon Became One of Todays Major Online Retail Players - Essay Example Amazon.com is a multinational electronic commerce company and is the world’s largest online retailer. It was founded by Jeff Bezos in 1994. As Fisk (2009, p. 102) states, the company started its business operations as on online bookstore and rapidly grew as a retailer of DVDs, CDs, MP3 downloads, video games, apparel, computer software, food and toys. The firm provides international shipping services to several countries in order to market some of its products. In 2010, the company earned US$34.304 billion as revenues on the strength of its 33,700 employees. The company’s remarkable achievements during a short period of time can be directly attributed to its strategic changes in the E-commerce practice. The retail E-commerce can be classified into two broad categories such as traditional forms and modern forms. The traditional forms of E-commerce mainly constituted online shopping which is a process that enables customers to purchase required products from any part of t he globe as and when needed. The idea of a â€Å"virtual bookstore† assisted the Amazon to dominate the market since its very initial stages of business once this concept was new to consumers. In addition, the company offered special features related to selection, convenience, price, and service. The company’s huge database of 1.1 million titles aided its customers to get a wide range of book selection (University of Washington). Amazon’s patented ‘1-Click’ express shooting technology provided greater convenience to customers as this feature made the ordering process easy. Amazon also allowed high discounts on best sellers. â€Å"The e-mail and telephone customer support, automated order confirmation, and tracking and shipping information† were the innovative service features of the company (Introduction to E-commerce). Since the internet has imposed little selling regulation on the firm, it could rapidly grow using its real-time optimization strategy.        

Health Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Health Project - Essay Example nd community, development of belief systems, creative and stimulating mental activities, and the benefits associated with the regular physical activities. The six Dimensions of Wellness include physical, social, emotional, occupational, spiritual, and intellectual. The social dimension focuses on people’s contribution to their environment and community (Thompson 310). As people strive to achieve wellness, they become more aware of their importance and the impact they have on multiple environments. The occupational dimension recognizes people’s orientation towards satisfying and enriching their life through work, which is personally meaningful and economically rewarding (Thompson 313). The primary goal of spiritual dimension is to recognize people’s search for meaning in and purpose for human existence. The spiritual dimension exposes human beings to various feelings such as joy, dislocation, pleasure, doubts, disappointment, happiness, and discovery. The physical dimension emphasizes on the need for regular activity to enhance physical development. Having a good physical look causes psychological benefits such as enhanced self-esteem, sense of direction, self-control, and determination (Thompson 314). Intellectual dimension recognizes that people need creative and stimulating mental activities. The principle of intellectual dimension is to stretch and challenge people’s minds using creative pursuits as opposed to leaving them become self-satisfied and unproductive. Emotional dimension is concerned with awareness and acceptance of a person’s feelings; it focuses on the extent to which people feel positive and enthusiastic about themselves. Junk food is the greatest factor fueling obesity (Lacroix and Li-Chan 66). I am interested in this health aspect because I do not want to become obese. Physically, being obese will limit my movement and constrain my self-esteem. I believe in the principle of the physical dimension, which states that it is better to be

Food Chain Diagram Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Food Chain Diagram - Coursework Example This feature enhances photosynthesis. The panther on the other hand has tough claws and jaws, which enhances their hunting skills. In an event, there occurs water pollution in a form of oil spill, the producers, which is the lily, will be affected directly since oil will reduce the lily leaves exposure to light and hence reduced rate of photosynthesis. A reduced rate of photosynthesis will reduce the population of the lily in the waters (Simon et al, 2013). The deer will experience a food shortage and hence reduced population in the ecosystem due to migration and death for those who fail to adapt. The panthers and the opossum will also reduce in number. This leads to the distraction of the organism natural habitat. The consumers may move due to the fear of human activities as results the number of producers overcrowding, thus showing short-term effect. As they, increase the competition for nutrients available resulting to the death of the weak species hence creating imbalance in the ecosystem. The energy pyramid indicates decreasing levels of energy up the hierarchy. The producers indicate a higher level of energy as compared tertiary consumers. Energy transfer from producers to consumers takes place interdependently (Simon et al, 2013). The producers sources its energy form the sun and transfers to consumers (Ecosystem Assessment Project, 2000). Primary consumers are herbivorous and the secondary and tertiary producers being

Investment Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Investment Plan - Assignment Example From this discussion it is clear that  as a young person and as a risk taker by nature, the reporter plan on pursuing an aggressive investment plan. He does not come from a rich background but he believes that the only way to get rich is to risk everything that one has and they are bound to get high rewards as a result. The author believes that he is a fairly patient person with the right mind set to wait for as long as it takes before he receives the rewards. In addition, since the reporter is soon going to be newly employed, he wants to start living on a budget that is entirely dependent on his gross pay rather than dipping into his savings. This means that he will not be relying on the investment money for his survival. The reporter will also supplement his retirement fund with monthly contributions from his salary.As the paper stresses as indicated before, as a young investor, his strategy is based on being aggressive, high risk and high rewards. Furthermore, due to his young a ge, negative market fluctuations in the next 40 years or so are bound to be cancelled out by the positive market fluctuations, leading to high rewards. The reporter's first investment strategy will be based on the conventional formula for finding the optimum target asset allocation meant for investing the $ 2,500 savings for his retirement fund. He might invest part (75%) of the money to purchase stock in Amazon Inc while the rest of the money will be invested in HICOX.

Environmental Racism, Climate Change, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Environmental Racism, Climate Change, - Essay Example The only remedy to address environmental racism is through environment justice, which promotes environmental, social, and economic justice. In my view, environment justice is better because it advocates for public policy to be based on justice, and mutual respect for all regardless of color. Legal Pragmatism is a philosophical approach that tries to infuse methods, and precepts of Pragmatic thinking to the legal theory. The pros of legal pragmatism include, the attitudes and methods of pragmatic thought are good for public environmental decisions making; it focuses on the accomplishment of social ends and social justice through advocating for judicial adherence to the interpretations of environmental statutes; it focuses on innovation and experimentation to problem solving (Singer, 2002). The cons of legal Pragmatism include, it lacks certain marquee values because of its insistence on practicability, recognition for social needs and innovation and sensitivity to facts. Either because for its insistence on pluralistic, experimentation, and experiential learning it can fail to provide the right answers to good disputed environmental questions. Environmental Pragmatism tries to connect the methods, and precepts of philosophical Pragmatism to find a solution to the real world environmental issues. In view of this, there is thus an intersection with legal pragmatism in that they both advocate for methods, and precepts of philosophical Pragmatism. In my view, a pragmatic perspective would have a better outcome given its insistence on experimentation, concrete facts, flexibility, and practical, workable solutions combined with democratic consensus can offer better outcomes. Stephen Gardiner gives the problem of environmental climate change a different approach. He considers the problem as ethical failure due to failed action by humans to confront this catastrophe. He identifies the storms or temptations that make human vulnerable to

Food Chain Diagram Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Food Chain Diagram - Coursework Example This feature enhances photosynthesis. The panther on the other hand has tough claws and jaws, which enhances their hunting skills. In an event, there occurs water pollution in a form of oil spill, the producers, which is the lily, will be affected directly since oil will reduce the lily leaves exposure to light and hence reduced rate of photosynthesis. A reduced rate of photosynthesis will reduce the population of the lily in the waters (Simon et al, 2013). The deer will experience a food shortage and hence reduced population in the ecosystem due to migration and death for those who fail to adapt. The panthers and the opossum will also reduce in number. This leads to the distraction of the organism natural habitat. The consumers may move due to the fear of human activities as results the number of producers overcrowding, thus showing short-term effect. As they, increase the competition for nutrients available resulting to the death of the weak species hence creating imbalance in the ecosystem. The energy pyramid indicates decreasing levels of energy up the hierarchy. The producers indicate a higher level of energy as compared tertiary consumers. Energy transfer from producers to consumers takes place interdependently (Simon et al, 2013). The producers sources its energy form the sun and transfers to consumers (Ecosystem Assessment Project, 2000). Primary consumers are herbivorous and the secondary and tertiary producers being

Environmental Racism, Climate Change, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Environmental Racism, Climate Change, - Essay Example The only remedy to address environmental racism is through environment justice, which promotes environmental, social, and economic justice. In my view, environment justice is better because it advocates for public policy to be based on justice, and mutual respect for all regardless of color. Legal Pragmatism is a philosophical approach that tries to infuse methods, and precepts of Pragmatic thinking to the legal theory. The pros of legal pragmatism include, the attitudes and methods of pragmatic thought are good for public environmental decisions making; it focuses on the accomplishment of social ends and social justice through advocating for judicial adherence to the interpretations of environmental statutes; it focuses on innovation and experimentation to problem solving (Singer, 2002). The cons of legal Pragmatism include, it lacks certain marquee values because of its insistence on practicability, recognition for social needs and innovation and sensitivity to facts. Either because for its insistence on pluralistic, experimentation, and experiential learning it can fail to provide the right answers to good disputed environmental questions. Environmental Pragmatism tries to connect the methods, and precepts of philosophical Pragmatism to find a solution to the real world environmental issues. In view of this, there is thus an intersection with legal pragmatism in that they both advocate for methods, and precepts of philosophical Pragmatism. In my view, a pragmatic perspective would have a better outcome given its insistence on experimentation, concrete facts, flexibility, and practical, workable solutions combined with democratic consensus can offer better outcomes. Stephen Gardiner gives the problem of environmental climate change a different approach. He considers the problem as ethical failure due to failed action by humans to confront this catastrophe. He identifies the storms or temptations that make human vulnerable to

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Example for Free

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay In Mark Twain’s novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn he bases the novel in a pre-civil war time period even though it’s being published in a post-civil war time period. This is strange because he is writing about the past which has already been lived, so what point is he trying to make? Through the characters tom and Huck twain illustrates the childish and outdated actions of society. The time period before the civil war was a low point in American history. The nation was divided over the issue of slavery and the treatment of blacks. This issue caused the civil war and was prevalent in the south even after the war. This is what Twain is trying to point out to society is his novel. They are still acting the same even though it is wrong and has been decided that change has needed to happen. He does this by basing the novel pre civil war time but it reflects society in that day and age because the audience relates to the novel. Twain reflects society’s view through the character Tom Sawyer. At the end of the novel the reader finds out that Jim, the escaped slave, is actually free and Tom knew this the entire time but neglected to tell anybody so he could have his storybook adventure (309). Tom reflects society in this way because Tom wasn’t treating a freed slave as such; he was treating him as a toy. Jim was Tom’s chance to have a storybook adventure that he is known for and uses him as a prop in the adventure and in the process subjecting him to the treatment of a slave when he is actually a free man (307). Tom is a childish character known for stretching the truth and acting out his storybooks but also cruel towards slaves like making Jim believe that he is a slave when he is actually free, and justifying this by saying that he would have paid Jim for his troubles once it was said and done (309). This childish tendency reflects society because society at the time was still treating blacks as slaves and making life hard on them but justifying it by saying they would pay them. Blacks still were not being treated equal just like Jim was not being treated like a free man when in fact he was. Twain retaliates against society with the character Huck. Huck is almost the voice of reason emerging from society in the novel. He questions how he should treat Jim and what is right and wrong in his treatment but also in society. He believes the right thing to do is to turn Jim in and move on but never does because it would be wrong to turn in his friend (261). This inner conflict shows the struggle to change social norms. Twain is trying to show that the treatment of slaves has been shown to be okay only because society has made it that way. Now that society throughout America is changing the view on slavery then they have to change what is right and what is wrong and this cause’s inner conflict. But in the end Huck is shown to be in the right because Jim was a free man the entire time and if he had turned him in he would be stealing from Jim. It would have been wrong on every count no argument there. The journey that Jim and Huck embark on symbolizes the journey for the abolishment of slavery. Jim fought against slavery and Huck, a white man, reluctantly went along with it and started to change his views on the issue. This leading to the official declaration of freedom when really the whole time Jim was a free human being and just wasn’t being treated as such, but is now officially recognized as â€Å"free†. What twain is trying to say is that even though blacks were under the title of slave and were treated as such they were free human beings then and now are officially given the title of â€Å"free† but yet are still being treated the same even when they are free. Twain wants to point this out to society so they can change according to the times because they are still living in a pre-civil war time period when things have changed and social norms have changed.

Violence and Media Essay

Violence and Media Essay The effects of Media violence can cause physical aggression to the people, especially the youth. Media violence is described as the portrayal of physical action that hurts or kills. It might draw thoughts that lead one to believe that aggressive behavior might be attained in certain situations and might bring certain benefits. Violent entertainment is not only gained through television shows, but also in music lyrics and videos, commercials, video games, and movies. Most people are into violent movies, especially the adults. There are three reasons why people are attracted to violent entertainment. First, violent entertainment may hold an interest for some individuals. Second, people may experience post viewing enjoyment from viewing events, characters, and themes that appear in violent contexts. Lastly, violent media may contain themes that the audience may enjoy. Teenagers who become violent adults are those who are aggressive and involved in some forms of antisocial behavior. There were two different reasons on the effects of media violence on aggressive behavior. First, the harmful effects of media violence are probably learned by the individual through multiple exposures. Second, short-term effects are highly linked to the imitation of violent visual images. People witness, read, or hear of an event through the mass media. There are many effects of media violence that not all people know of. These effects can damage a human beings thinking, especially a childs. I. Violent messages in the media Violence in the media occurs in music videos, television shows, video games, and movies. Entertainment media contains a stabilized amount of violence. Good drama revolves around conflict, and violence is one of the most common consequences of conflict. A study made by Armstrong in 2001 analyzed 490 gangsta rap songs released between 1987 and 1993. The results show that 22 percent are comprised of violent lyrics. Eminems top-selling album in 2000, named Marshall Mathers LP was reported to have contained violent lyrics in eleven out of the fourteen songs in the album. Furthermore, research on music videos was more focused on the images rather than the lyrics. A study was conducted by Smith and Boyson in 2002 that analyzed 1,962 videos that were drawn randomly from three channels, namely BET, MTV, and VH-1. The results showed that only 15 percent of the videos featured physical aggression. However, rap (29 percent) and heavy metal (27 percent) were more likely than other genres (rock, 12 percent; rhythm and blues, 9 percent; adult contemporary, 7 percent) to contain violence. In conlusion, rap or hiphop is usually more violent than other music genres. Furthermore, there were a series of five experiments reported recently by Anderson, Carnagey, and Eubanks (2003) about the effects of music lyrics on mass media violence. In their studies, there were seven aggressive songs by seven artists, and eight nonviolent songs by seven artists, utilized to be certain that the results were not because of one or two specific songs, artists, or genres. The experimental studies propose that comprehensible violent lyrics can increase the violent thinking and affect the youth, but there were no published studies of the effects aggressive violent lyrics without video or the violent music videos. In the study of children growing up, Huesmann et al. (2003), there were differences in the types of violence affiliated with early childhood exposure to media violence. Indirect aggression in children increases, because of early exposure to violence. An example of this is telling lies to get others in trouble and taking other peoples things because of anger. George Gerbner found out that prime-time TV contains a large amount of violence. Childrens shows contain more violence than any other type of programming. The shows designed for kids have about 32 violent acts per hour. In relation, American Psychological Association (APA) reported that in the course of a lifetime, an average child will view more than 8000 murders and over 10000 acts of TV violence. Nearly 60 percent of all television programming contains an amount of violence. From the ages of 3 to 16, children spent more time in front of the television set than they spent in school. Heavy television and media use leads people to identify reality as consistent with the portrayals they see on television. Furthermore, annual reports of television status done by Gerbner and his colleagues were consistent over time. Approximately, 70 percent of primetime programs contained some violence. 94 percent of childrens shows contained violence. In other words, programs targeted to young viewers have the most violent content. Another study done by the National Television Violence Study (NVTS), documented that 69 percent of childrens programs contained more violence than that of non childrens programs, which only contained 57 percent of violence. Approximately 100 percent of slapstick programs like Road Runner and Bugs Bunny contained violence, and almost all of superhero programs which contained only 57 percent. Advertising has in its dynamics no motivation to seek the development of the individual or to convey qualities of social usefulness. It has no social goals and no social responsibility for its influence will affect (According to Potter). According to the report of the Federal Trade Commission, the average child sees 20,000 commercials a year, or about 3 hours of TV advertising a week. Many children regard advertising as just another form of programming and do not tell the difference between programs and ads. In an advertisement for Dominos Pizza, they invented a cartoon character named Noid. He finds ways to make pizza cold before people could eat it. Dominos Pizza boasts of their fast delivery and special packing method that guaranteed the delivery of  hot pizza. Their ad slogan was: One could avoid the Noid by ordering from Dominos. One thing they didnt know is that there was a man named Mr. Noid, he was a troubled person and he didnt find yet find out what TV was all about. When Mr. Noid saw the pizza commercial that told the whole world to avoid the Noid, he was furios. The next thing people knew is that a man whose last name is Noid, held hostage the customers and employees at one of the Dominos Pizza stores. He demanded to discontinue the avoid the Noid commercial. Moreover, fictional violence is escalated day after day, program after program. Television is full of violence and it has not changed since the early 1970s. TV violence is a cause of aggressiveness, not the cause of aggressiveness. Movies on the other hand are quite violent compared to other types of media content. According to the NTVS, approximately 90 percent of movies contain more violence whereas drama series only contain 70 percent, 35 percent of comedy series, and 35 percent of reality series. A study made by Yokota and Thompson in 2000 examined G-rated (General-rated) films showed between 1937 and 1999. The results showed that 74 movies at least contained one act of violence. Youths watching aggressive scenes display more violent behavior, violent thoughts, or violent emotions than others (Anderson, Berkowitz, Donnerstein, Huesmann, Johnson, Linz, Malamuth Wartella). Bjorkqvist (1985) let a 5 year old and a 6 year old Finnish child to watch either a violent or nonviolent films. Conversely with the children who had watched the nonviolent  films, those who had viewed the violent film were assessed much higher on physical assault (hitting other children, wrestling, etc), as well as other types of violence. The exposure to media violence can cause to increase physical assaults who watched violent movies. To summarize, movies frequently feature aggression, and there is some evidence that they are becoming more violent over time. Movies feature more violence than television programs do. Even comedy and horror films contain violence. Many theatrically released movies target male adolescents, and, therefore are highly likely to contain action, adventure, and violence. Over the years, graphics have evolved. It has become so advanced that it is almost hard to tell whether a person on the screen is an animated image or a real human character. The game characters move in ways that are close to human movement. Many of the games seem to be more than exercises in virtual killing. The media have trained children to associate violence and killing with delight. Video games that require a player to shoot a gun and react reflexively with the shooting response are teaching the entire generation of children to associate shooting with pleasure. Violent video games are transforming young people into homemade sociopaths who kill reflexively. Some teenagers are being influenced by video games, because they cant separate the fiction they see on TV from the reality. Furthermore, playing aggressive video games can have short-term negative effects on the game-players emotional state. The outcome the studies showed that playing violent games increased the adolescents violent behavior. Pinching, kicking, hitting is considered as physical violence between boys who had just played either a nonviolent or violent video game. The rate of violence per minute is much higher in video games than in most violent TV programs or movies. For instance, Funk and Buchman (1996) found no difference in gender in overall preference for violent video games because girls and boys preferred violence. Girls chose the fantasy violence, whereas the boys chose the human violence. There was also a report of Cantor (1998) that males were more affiliated to justice restoring violent programming like Batman than females, but both was equally attracted to comedic violence. In conclusion, violence is more persuasive in video games (68 percent) than on television (60 percent), it is commonly found in movies (90 percent), and rarely seen in music videos (15 percent). However, certain genres in each medium are more aggressive in nature. These are childrens cartoons, animated movies, rap or hiphop music, and Teen and Mature-rated video games. Many of these genres are targeted to the youth. II. Factors that contribute to the effects of media violence Gerbner has noted that portrayals of violence on TV are not violence, but just mere violent messages. When violence is portrayed by an attractive character, it is more likely to be learned and imitated, when violence appears to be condoned, when it is realistic, when it is rewarded, and when it results in giving small consequences to the victim. Both males and females are influences by media violence, although the effects may be stronger for males (Paik Comstock, 1994). Children who had seen more TV violence can be adults who commit more serious crimes, but not all children child who watched large amounts of violence on TV end up getting involved in a crime. Rowell Huesmann pointed out: Aggressive habits seem to be learned in early life, and once established, are resistant to change and predictive of serious adult antisocial behavior. If a childs observation of media violence promotes the learning of aggressive habits, it can have harmful lifelong consequences. Consistent with this theory, early television habits are in fact correlated with adult criminality. (Sparks, Effects of media violence 89) Furthermore, the amount of TV violence children viewed enabled researchers to account for less than 10 percent of the crimes committed by children as they matured over the 22-year period. Children must really see violent content in order to influence their behavior. Angry people and media violence is a volatile mix. If angry people always watch violence on TV, then they are more likely to act aggressively. Children and teenagers with aggressive personality may search for violent content because it helps them to justify their behaviors. People live in a world in which there is more violence than there might be without mass media. People are less trusting of their neighbors and more accepting of violence in their core. Children from middle-to-upper socioeconomic status (SES) watch less TV violence than those children from households of a lower SES. The more television violence a person watches, the more that person can become aggressive. Parents who are violent in the home are encouraging and aggressive behaviors for their children. The risk of a child behaving aggressively can be heightened especially if there is violence in the home (Bauer et al, 2006). Moreover, a national study of more than 1000 children aged 6 to 12 found that violent television viewing and violent electronic game playing are associated to family conflict (Vanderwater, Lee, Shim, 2005). In addition, children who had troubled relationships with their parents and children who were classified as aggressive were more likely to turn to television for fantasy. TV violence can induce an aggressive effect only for the most susceptible individuals like boys from disadvantaged homes. Perhaps there was something else about the families of the children that predisposed them to watch either violent or non-violent programs at an early age. This may lead the children to either a life of crime or a life of civic responsibility. Moreover, childrens early TV viewing very likely did contribute to the criminal activity later in life. III. Media violence and aggression Early experiments were criticized for applying fabricated measures of aggression, for setting up situations in which adult models seem to condone aggression. Since then, field experiments have been conducted in more naturalistic settings and have found that watching television can increase the childrens real-life aggression against peers in  social situations like playgrounds (Friedrich Stein, 1973). TV shows like cartoons and non-animated programs can stimulate youth aggression at once after viewing, and that this effect can happen after exposure to even a single episode of a violent television show (Boyatzis, Matillo, Nesbitt, 1973). Moreover, a concern about copycat violence focuses on the effects of televised wrestling events. Lionel Tate, a 13-year old boy, was convicted in 2001 for killing a 6-year old girl by lifting her in the air and dropping her onto the table. If a child watched a person on TV who seemed very appealing and who received rewards for acting aggressively, then the child will more likely follow the characters behavior. On the other hand, if a child saw a character who received punishment for acting aggressively, then the child might abstain from showing any aggressive actions in real life. There is a tendency for children who watched higher levels of TV violence to also have a higher score on the ratings of aggressive behavior. There are certain things about TV violence and children that need to be understood. First, viewing TV violence could cause children to act more aggressively, particularly if the violent characters were appealing and receive awards for their actions. Second, the effects appeared most strongly for boys, not for girls. Boys turn out to be more sensitive to the effects of media violence. Lastly, the presence of appealing characters who receive awards for acting aggressively seems to advocate more aggressive behavior in children. Video games have produced a controversy in the public arena after the Killings at Columbine High School in Colorado. This was done by two teenagers that attacked their classmates and teachers. They soon found out that the two teenagers were fond of playing Doom. In relation, a study was made back in 1988. It reported that children who played Jungle Hunt, a game involving a character who would jump from one vine to another in such a way that he would not fall, tended to play with a jungle swing toy. On the other hand, those who played Karateka, a game involving a protagonist who was controlled by the player and had a mission to hit, kick, and kill enough villains to save a damsel in distress, tended to play in an aggressive way with the karate bobo doll. Rod Serlings movie, The Doomsday Flight (1966), was about a jet plane which took off and established its flight path, a report then came in that the plane was carrying an altitude bomb. A terrorist had set the bomb to explode if the plane descended below 5,000 feet. In the end, the plane managed to land in Denver, which was barely 5,000 feet above sea level. The plan averted disaster and everyone lived happily ever after. Well not everyone, because even before the movie ended a bomb threat was phoned to one of the major airlines. Four more threats were phoned in during the next day, and eight more were reported by the weekend. In some cases the callers threatened to use exactly the same kind of altitude bomb motive depicted in the movie. Fortunately, none of these threats turned out to be real. The callers had been the victims of the copycat phenomenon, where people imitate the exact behaviors that they see depicted in the  media. When these behaviors are violent or illegal, this b ecomes a significant social problem. Another example of the copycat phenomenon is when The Burning Bed, a movie in 1984, starred Farrah Fawcett Majors as a battered wife who felt so desperately trapped by an abusive husband that she soaked her husbands bed with gasoline while he slept. Then, she set the bed and her husband ablaze. The film triggered some copycat consequences. Days after the movie was aired, several women around America who were victims of abuse decided to copy the behavior of the main character. They murdered their husbands by dousing the beds of their husbands with gasoline and setting it on fire. Furthermore, children who were exposed early to television violence predicted subsequent adult aggression (Huesmann, 1986). It has been associated with an increased risk of adult aggression, even after for controlling family income, childhood neglect, psychiatric disorders,  neighborhood violence, and parental education. An illustration by Ostrov, Gentile, and Crick (2006) asked 60 parents about their preschoolers exposure to television programs, movies, and videogames over a two-year period. For boys, exposure to violent media predicted an increase in observed physical, verbal, and relational aggression four months later. For girls, violent media exposure was associated with a subsequent increase in verbal aggression only. Conclusion The harmful effects of media violence bring psychological impact to the minds of the youth especially in todays generation. They do not know that these things can greatly affect their attitude and behavior as a person which might be a result of violence. They try to imitate what they see and what they hear from televisions, music lyrics or videos, movies, and video games, because of their curiosity. Most scientists agreed that parents can be a strong force in reducing such media violence. They should let their children share their thoughts and fears about killings or death. Parents should also know the main risk factors of media violence to the youth and familiarize the programs and video games their children watched and played. They should avoid exposing their children to too much video games and television so that it would it would reduce violent behavior of their children. No matter how strong the tendency to think otherwise, it is important to know that content does not equal to the effect. Media violence is certainly not the sole cause or even the most important contributor to youth aggression. Parents can actually reduce the risks associated with media violence by reducing exposure to television and videogames.

The Essence Of Pop Culture Essay -- essays research papers fc

â€Å"Talk about Pop Music, Talk about Pop Music†¦Ã¢â‚¬  was one of the most catchy phrases of the 1980’s. Just as in the 80’s, today we see many characteristics of â€Å"pop culture† effecting our lives. But, what is â€Å"pop culture?† I spent some time online trying to answer my question and time after time I was led to the same direction: pop culture is what we see, hear, speak, and are otherwise exposed to on a daily basis. The infomercials we see late on television, the billboards we see on the side of the road, the junk mail we receive, the links on the web pages we visit, and the radio commercials we hear all tie together to form this idea of pop culture. These, plus many other aspects, form our minds and teach us how to be culturally smart. To be culturally smart is to understand and know pop culture. For example, if someone were to say â€Å"BUD!† it is automatically assumed that they would get a â€Å"WIES† in reply. If a person were to say â€Å"Just Do It!† Nike would be directly thought of. What elements define â€Å"Pop Culture?† Television stars, such as Drew Carey; musicians, such as Santana; public figures, such as Monica Lewinski; politicians, such as Bill Clinton; athletes, such as Michael Jordan; large corporations with their slogans; and movies are all, but not limited to, pop culture. In a Journal I found online of a study of pop culture, it compared the link of religion and a pop culture icon, Star Wars. The study was conducted with people and it read: â€Å"The comparisons and shared philos...

Satisfaction Gained from Blogging :: Blogs

Satisfaction Gained from Blogging The question most frequently asked about blogging is why. What is in a blog that makes it something unique that people find attractive enough to want to write about their daily lives to the whole world? While there are many reasons bloggers do what they do, I’m looking specifically at what satisfaction is gained from it. The blog I have observed over the past few weeks is very much like a regular journal posted by Jim. He talks about anything and everything he deems important enough in his life. Generally speaking, he posts about real events and thoughts on real things that happen directly in his life. His posts go back quite a ways too, about a year, and he posts daily. To me, this sounds almost addicting. It was at this point that I began to wonder what made blogging so addicting and questioned the enjoyment and pleasure factors that are involved. I finally emailed Jim and asked him why he blogs and who he blogs for. His answer was the expected answer; "Really, I just do it for myself. My thoughts have no...order, really...they're all very disjointed and random. I don't know why anyone reads mine, it's really not that good and not as interesting as some of the others out there. Though I am flattered when people tell me they do enjoy it. I also think they're crazy, but that's not the point...My friends do theirs as a journal of sorts...but I try not to write anything too incredibly personal." I think many people like Jim want their readers to think that they just do it for themselves and not for any real reasons. However if this were true, no blogger would write their journals online in the first place. The idea of having potentially thousands of people reading their blogs and commenting on them is enough to make bloggers post. If Jim and all those out there that really just do it for themselves they would keep it private. He states that he doesn’t do his as a journal like his friends, but upon reading a few entries, you’ll find that is exactly like a journal, and some of his posts are extremely personal. â€Å"Though I am flattered when people tell me they do enjoy it.† That kind of reinforcement from the internet public is precisely the idea I am trying to get across to the bloggers who may be in denial about doing it just for themselves.

Owen Wister’s novel The Virginian Essay

One of the strong points of Owen Wister’s western novel is in fact the manner by which the story was conveyed.  Ã‚   The language used to narrate the novel and to deliver the lines of each character truly played a significant part in the development of the story. As I was carefully taking in the imperative social issues that lie beneath Wister’s famous work of western fiction, I could not help but examine the play of words.   According to my own observation, the skilful use of language in The Virginian affected the novel in three ways: making the story entertaining and understandable, embodying well the feelings of the characters, and conveying the traits of the characters. Language That’s Easy to Understand As a whole, I found the language very conversational.   Though the setting is early 20th century America, the conversations among the characters are not that stiff.   The spoken language is what Wister used in delivering the lines of every character.   In one of the scenes from Chapter XI: You’re Going to Love Me Before We Get Through, I was delighted by the conversation between the Virginian and Molly Wood primarily because of the chatty nature of the language used. â€Å"And I would not be oversteppin’ for the world. I’ll go away if yu’ want.† (Wister, 1903, p.130) This is one of the lines of the Virginian.  Ã‚   Even readers from this age could easily capture the thoughts of the Virginian through such kind of language.   Aside from understanding the text, readers may take pleasure in reading the lines since they can relate to the conversational nature of the statements. Embodiment of the Feelings and Traits of the Characters Words are a powerful way of unleashing the true nature and emotions of a person.   In the Virginina and Molly’s conversation, the features of the two characters are shown.   â€Å"That’s all square enough. You’re goin’ to love me before we get through. I wish yu’d come a-ridin’, ma’am.† (Wister, 1903, p.133)   This line reveals the concealed affection of the Virginian for Molly.   Although readers, and even Molly for that matter, may take this straightforward admission as just another witty response from the Virginian, the words used will definitely give a clue of the Virginian’s feelings. â€Å"Dear, dear, dear! So I’m going to love you? How will you do it? I know men think that they only need to sit and look strong and make chests at a girl†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Wister, 1903, p.133)   This is the powerful reply of Molly to the Virginian’s emotion-filled statement.   The language helped convey Molly’s hesitant yet persisting fondness of the Virginian.   Behind her question â€Å"So I’m going to love you? How will you do it?† is a strong challenge she wants the Virginian to take seriously. Making Known the Traits of the Characters   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Why, I mean,† said he, easily, sitting down near the door, â€Å"that it’s Sunday. School don’t hinder yu’ from enjoyin’ a ride to-day. You’ll teach the kids all the better for it to-morro’, ma’am. Maybe it’s your duty.† (Wister, 1903, p.130)   This is one example of how language presented the traits of the Virginian to the readers.   The choice of words for the character of the Virginian is suited to his nature as a gentleman who shows utmost concern for a lady. Reference: Wister, O. (1903) The Virginian: A Horseman of the Plains. New York: The Macmillan Company   

The Tempest as a Power Struggle Between the New and the Old World

To what extent do you agree that The Tempest is a power struggle between the old and the new world? Shakespeare’s Plays II Assignment 1 Rocio Corral Garcia 119042576 It is generally accepted that Shakespeare’s Play The Tempest is complex in many senses, but it cannot be denied that it is especially rich in terms of interpretation. A huge variety of critical analyses have been written about Shakespeare’s last play suggesting different possible approaches to it, such as human salvation, magic, colonisation and power.This essay will focus on the struggle between the old and the new world, which is one of the major themes in this play and that can be easily applied to politics and conspiracy in their more broad sense. Prospero is a European who dominates the island on his own and he is able to do so because he has magic powers. In this way he controls the island and its inhabitants by combining threats of force, promises of freedom and all kind of techniques characte ristic of a proper dictator. He takes charge of the island which does not belong to him and exerts his power over the inhabitants, forcing them to serve him as slaves.It is almost impossible to draw a parallelism between this situation and the European colonial power in North America during the XVII century. Thus, it may be assumed that the old world stands for Europe and all its common practices and customs while the new world is represented by the uncivilised island. Throughout the whole play the reader is able to find several occasions in which the struggle between the new and the old world is very noticeable. In the first scene of the play, for example, we find the exchange between Prospero and Miranda talking about what has been left in the old world: dukedom and serving women.For them, living in the island means abandoning all these things and implementing facets of the new world. Miranda has been educated by her father following the old world rules but at the same time she ha s learned the secrets of the island by Caliban. Caliban is a native of the island who rails against language and is forced to submit. He reveals against all those things related to the old world, since he belongs to the new one. This fighting is constant along the play. Then, on the second act Shakespeare presents the difference between the new and the old world in terms of appearance.That is to say, the green and the light of the new world contrast with the European world. The new world is wild and uncivilised. Gonzalo has his own dream which is labelled as a utopian view of the island. He portrays it without order and hierarchy. In his new world there would not be chaos because everyone will be happy: I' the commonwealth I would by contraries Execute all things; for no kind of traffic Would I admit; no name of magistrate; Letters should not be known; riches, poverty, And use of service, none; contract, succession, Bourn, bound of land, tilth, vineyard, none; No use of metal, corn, or wine, or oil;No occupation; all men idle, all; And women too, but innocent and pure; No sovereignty; The reader may acknowledge this as the internal fight men had in this era. Following this scene we find the metaphor of the drunken servant men that come to the island and they imagine that they are able to rule it, thinking that they will secure the loyalty of a native through gifts and the promise of benevolent ruling. This metaphor is made on the basis of a strong parallelism with the real accounts of the colonisation. So, there cannot be any reading of The Tempest without considering it as a study of colonialism.During the colonisation the struggle between the colonizers and the colonized world was a constant feature, so this view support the idea that The Tempest is a clear example of the struggle between the old and the new world. The English colonial project is on Shakespeare’s mind throughout the play, as almost every character, from Gonzalo to Stephano, imagines h ow he would rule the island if he were its king. Shakespeare seems as well to be influenced by Montagne’s essay â€Å"Of the Cannibals† since the name of Prospero’s servant is Caliban could be an anagram of â€Å"cannibal†.Prospero stands for the dominant part in his relationship with Caliban and his allusions to him are most the time is contemptuous. Prospero describes Caliban as: â€Å"Devil, a born devil on whose nature, Nurture can never stick† This description of Caliban is quite similar to those descriptions of the â€Å"savages† by Captain John Smith who set the first English settlement in Jamestown, or to those descriptions given by Mary Rowlandson later in the XVII century.These descriptions fit perfectly with Prospero’s concept of Caliban, so maybe Shakespeare’s intention here is to make a direct link between the current accounts of the colonisation process and the situation of the play. Again, this makes a clear inst ance that the play wants to portray the confrontation between the old and the new world. This clear struggle in the play between the new and the old world may be emphasized by political themes associated with Caliban’s conspiracy and Prospero’s colonialist control of the island. This essay will focus now on the political issue of the play.On the one hand, it may be clear that usurpation is the main political theme pervading the play. The possibility of usurpation is precisely what allows Prospero to legitimise and sustain his totalitarism on the island. Paradoxically, he was first usurped from his throne and it is him who repeats that behaviour in the island. Prospero’s power is proved by Caliban’s resistance. Caliban stands for the main dissident voice in the play. His threatening integration of Prospero’s rhetoric makes him a dangerous insider to the established system: â€Å"You taught me language, and my profit on ’tIs I know how to cur se. The red plague rid you For learning me your language! † Caliban’s use of language illustrates perfectly the potential to resistance contained within power. , and Prospero’s response to Caliban consists in violent outbursts of rage: â€Å"Hag-seed, hence! Fetch us in fuel. And be quick, thou ‘rt best, To answer other business. Shrug’st thou, malice? If thou neglect’st or dost unwillingly What I command, I’ll rack thee with old cramps, Fill all thy bones with aches, make thee roar That beasts shall tremble at thy din. Prospero’s violence hardly hides his terror at Caliban’s appropriation of his language. On the other hand, the play deals perfectly with the topic of conspiracy, being Caliban its maximum exponent. Caliban resists to Prospero’s authority, but this authority may be called into question, since Prospero gets it by means of usurpation. Anyway, Caliban’s role is essential in terms of resistance; h owever, by depriving Prospero by his unique discourse, he represents the existence of alternative voices in the island.He exposes three different versions of the past in the island: Caliban’s, Ariel’s and Prospero’s, although it is the latest the one who succeed. Prospero appropriates the past of the island, and he rewrites history according to his own standards, in order to construct a credible narrative. Caliban shows his resistance: â€Å"This island’s mine, by Sycorax my mother, Which thou takest from me† Prospero manages to make his version the one to be trusted. He describes Sycorax as the malevolent witch, a chaos and evil, which contrasts with him, the balance.This is another actual clue that asserts the play as the struggle between the new and the old world. Prospero assures that it was Sycorax who imprisoned Ariel and it was him who released Ariel. It seems that Sycorax is dead, since she does not appear on stage, but her presence lurks o minously in the background. Despite her physical absence from the play Sycorax has great importance. In the politics of the play she serves an ideological function as she is constructed as the evil witch, the ‘other', through which Prospero's ownership of the island is legitimised.She is constructed as being the antithesis to Prospero – female, non-European and evil – and Prospero uses her to justify his acts of dispossession. Prospero shapes the past on his own way. However, the presence of other rivals frightens Prospero, and his anxiety increases as it is shown with his irrational outburst of anger at Caliban’s command of language. Besides, in the island there are different ideological ways of thinking, such as Gonzalo’s political manifesto mentioned above â€Å"No sovereignty† (2. 1, 156). Indeed, Gonzalo’s utopia is likely to the real hierarchy in the island, ince there is a king but without sovereignty. Another aspect of the play that may be related to politics is the marriage between Miranda and Ferinand, since it serves as an agreement between the old world, here represented by Ferinand, and the new world, embodied by Miranda. In this way the marriage stands as a peace treaty between both worlds. It might represent a political marriage, which were very common during the Elizabethan period. The reader may find another political marriage in the play, since in Act II Alonso’s daughter marries the king of Tunis against her wishes.But this is not the case of Miranda, since she falls in love to Ferinand at the first glance. However, this marriage is a sort of business because Miranda is a political tool in Prospero’s plan. Besides, it is very interesting that Miranda is the only female character on an island full of men. She makes possible the reconciliation and redemption of both, Prospero and Alonso. The most important value of Miranda is her chastity which enables the marriage. Virginity is a m atter of politics in the play, since with Miranda being not pure the marriage would not be possible.But Prospero makes sure that her daughter is virgin and emphasizes Miranda’s purity linking her to her mother: Thy mother was a piece of virtue, and She said thou wast my daughter; and thy father Was Duke of Milan, and his only heir And princess no worse issued. Finally, it may be concluded that The Tempest presents different instances of the struggle between the old and the new world, and that Shakespeare draws a strong parallelism with the issue of colonisation and the plot of the play. It might be also acknowledged that there is a final reconciliation between both worlds which is sealed by Miranda and Ferinand’s marriage.Although this play was composed in the XVII century, there are several timeless topics that Shakespeare portrays like political usurpation, conspiracy and struggle for power, that occupy a first place in present day life. Bibliography Primary texts: S hakespeare, William. The Riverside Shakespeare, ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1974 Secondary texts: Free Tempest Essays: â€Å"Relevance of The Tempest Today† Retrieved February 26, 2012 from: http://www. 123HelpMe. com/view. asp? id=7486 Gibson, Rex. The Tempest. Cambridge Student Guides. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,2006.Hamilton, Donna B. Virgil and The Tempest: The Politics of Imitation . Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1990. Montaigne, Michael de, The Complete Essays. London: Penguin,2003. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Gonzalo’s speech. (2. 1,123-32) [ 2 ]. Montagne, Michael de. The Complete Essays. Trans. M. A. Screech. London: Penguin, 2003 [ 3 ]. Prospero’s description of Caliban (4. 1,188-9) [ 4 ]. Caliban’s speech (1. 2,369-70) [ 5 ]. Prospero’s speech (1. 2,371-76) [ 6 ]. Caliban’s words (1. 2,334. 5) [ 7 ]. Prospero’s speech (1. 2,56-59)